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Commercialization and entrepreneurship is upscaling carbon removal by ERW in the near term; implementation of government policies will further accelerate upscaling.

Here’s a run-down of ERW firms (as of March 2024) founded in the last few years that all draw on our research Centre’s outputs to support their raison d’etre. Currently, these firms are actively removing more than 30,000 tonnes CO₂ each year and collectively plan to deliver millions of tonnes of CO₂ removal annually within a decade.

Future growth of these exciting high-impact activities will help put humanity on a path to a healthy environment with planetary resilience to climate change.

Company/operating country/website	Est.	Capital raised	Rock spread (metric tonnes)	CO2 removal goals (metric tonnes)
	2022	$12 million	163,000 t basalt, 5,000 t wollastonite (2023)	35,000 t over next 50 years
	2022	$63 million	10,000 t basalt (2023)	1 billion t by 2030
	2020	$12 million	16,000 t basalt (2023)	1 million t yr-1 by 2027; 10 million t yr-1 by 2030
	2022	$5.6million	50,000 t basalt (2023)	1 million t by 2026
	2022	$4.2 million	n/d	n/d
	2022	n/d	4,000 t concrete (2024)	>1 million t by 2034
	2022	$0.5 million	n/d	n/d
	2021	n/d	t basalt (2023)	100 million t by 2040
USA & Albania	2022	$3.75 million	n/d	n/d
(MRV tech)	2022	n/d	n/d	1 billion t by 2035
	2023	n/d	2,500 t basalt (2023)	n/d
	2023	n/d	n/d	n/d
	2023	n/d	n/d	n/d
	2021	$38 million	Microbial EW of existing farmland	n/d
	2021	n/d	3 million t Potash (2023)	0.36 million t by 2030, up to 6 million t by 2050
	2023	$0.55 million	n/d	1 billion t by 2035
	2023	n/d	n/d	n/d
	2023	n/d	n/d	n/d
	2023	n/d	n/d	n/d
	2024	n/d	n/d	n/d
	2023	n/d	n/d	n/d
	2022	$12.7 million over 2 rounds (as of July 2024)	n/d	n/d

(UK)
Founded 2022. One of the largest and fast growing ERW firms, Undo has raised $8-$14million (Series A start-up) with ambitions to be the first company to remove 1 million tonnes of CO₂.  It has spread 24,000 tonnes of crushed basalt rock, removing approximately 6,000 tonnes of CO₂ from the atmosphere. Overall in 2023 they plan to spread 185,000 tonnes of basalt across 9,250 hectares (at a rate of 20 t/ha), creating the removal of approx. 46,250 tonnes of CO₂.

(US) (see Substack )
Founded 2022. Raised over $6.5million, Lithos Carbon has deployed over 10,000 tonnes of carbon-removing rock over thousands of hectares of Midwestern farmland. They are on track to capture 2,000+ tonnes of CO_₂ while making a significant positive impact on the lives of rural communities and growers.  The company has the potential to capture a billion tonnes of CO₂ this decade. In December 2023, Lithos received a $57million purchase from Frontier, which Lithos plans to use to soak up 154,000 tons of CO₂ by 2028.

(US)
Founded 2020. (Series A start-up). Eion claims a “shovel-ready climate-smart solution for U.S. agriculture and its farmers”. It has worked to create an upstream supply chain that provides immediate access to mineral resources representing millions of tonnes of annual CO₂ removal. It also has established commercial relationships with distribution partners across the South, Mid-South, and Midwest regions of the US providing access to millions of acres under management.

(Germany/Brazil)
Founded 2022. Raised €1.2million in pre-seed round for ERW in the tropics. Planning to spread 50,000 tonnes of rock dust in 2023 to remove 10,000 tonnes of CO₂.  Ultimately aims to sequester millions of tonnes of CO₂ while regenerating tropical soils to create a liveable planet with nutritious food and healthy ecosystems for future generations.

(Ireland)
Founded 2022. Raised ~$0.5million for turning concrete into a climate solution. Silicate’s weathering agent is derived from surplus concrete. The idea of using crushed returned concrete instead of volcanic material is novel. They take this material and turn it into a carbon removal vehicle by processing it and spreading it on agricultural soils. The plan to remove millions of tonnes of CO₂ safely from the atmosphere by 2034.

(Australia)
Founded 2021. Raised ~$0.5 million for ERW.  Aims to reduce the carbon footprint humanity while upgrading global food security. They have mobilised projects across Queensland and Western Australia, are in talks with two overseas governments, and are in pre-feasibility phase for a 10,000-tonne carbon removal project with a large ASX200 company. Ambitiously aiming for annual permanent removal of millions of tonnes of CO_₂, they have 150 million hectares of working agricultural land for delivering income and nutritional security to over 80 million people worldwide.

(India)
Founded 2021. Mati's innovative business model delivers ERW and nutrients entirely free to marginal farmers in India with limited access to fertilizers. Mati's goal is to remove cumulatively 100 million tonnes of CO₂ by 2040 while creating significant co-benefits for farmers.

Climitigation is currently working on a "stealth CDR company", founded in 2022 to create a novel, permanent, and inexpensive ERW method without unreasonably insurmountable scaling limitations to reaching billion tonne CO₂ removal per year, while at the same time not being dependent on revenue from the carbon dioxide removal credit market.

Fighting climate change at scale with rock powder. Permanent, independently verified, directly measured and cost-effective removal of atmospheric CO₂ by speeding up Earth's natural carbon cycle at scale through ERW. Everest Carbon operates in India where around 55% of the population is dependent on income from agriculture, which provides an average household income of just $70 per month. Scaling up their operations to one billion tonnes per year by 2030 will create decent jobs and livelihoods for millions of people that will be hit hardest by the impacts of climate change.