Facts and figures
Studies involving animals are only a small part of our overall programme of medical and scientific research.
Our research
Most of our research is carried out using techniques such as cell and tissue culture, molecular biology, computer modelling and the study of samples from humans.
This approach provides us with opportunities to develop a deeper understanding of health and disease, leading to the development of novel treatments and therapies to alleviate symptoms.
We only use animals where no other alternatives are available. Wherever possible we use species of the lowest neurophysiological sensitivity.
The vast majority of our animal research involves zebrafish, mice and rats. Breeding and maintenance of genetically altered animals is classed as a procedure and therefore the vast majority of our procedures returned to the Home Office each year are a record of those breeding programmes. Most other procedures involve injections or blood sampling similar to what we would receive if visiting our GP or nurse.
Just like humans if animals undergo surgery, we use anaesthetics appropriate for the species. In addition, painkillers are administered where appropriate as pain should always be minimised to improve animal welfare producing better outcomes for our programmes of research
We gather data on the number of procedures performed using animals.
Research involving animals at the University of 91Ö±²¥
Figures for 2023 as a table
Table showing animals involved in research in 2023
| Species | 2023 |
|---|---|
| Zebrafish | 20,602 |
| Mice | 16,611 |
| Birds | 199 |
| Rats | 24 |
| Gerbils | 42 |
| Pigs | 10 |
Figures for 2017–2022 as a table
Table showing animals involved in research 2017 to 2022
| Species | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fish | 25,045 | 28,105 | 23,453 | 44,381 | 44,068 | 51,717 |
| Mice | 20,546 | 25,808 | 16,603 | 23,824 | 21,580 | 30,707 |
| Birds | 249 | 270 | 294 | 239 | 173 | 138 |
| Rats | 56 | 81 | 173 | 229 | 272 | 684 |
| Rabbits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 59 | 30 |
| Gerbils | 22 | 26 | 8 | 20 | 32 | 21 |
| Pigs | 23 | 14 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 3 |
| Total | 45,941 | 54,304 | 40,536 | 68,740 | 66,189 | 83,300 |
Regulated procedures
We gather data on the number of procedures performed using animals (Figure 1) each year and these are submitted to the Home Office. We also gather information on what is known as the actual severity (Figures 2) that each animal has experienced throughout the course of its experimental life.
The categories are:
- sub-threshold, denoting an animal that has not suffered, ie this could be a genetically altered animal that has been part of a breeding programme
- mild, for example removal of blood, similar to what may happen when you visit the nurse
- moderate, an example would be a surgical procedure such as vasectomy
- severe, this category is the highest in the UK and is only allowed when the science has been well justified to ensure that any suffering is of short duration, an example may be a model that develops a neurological disorder eg multiple sclerosis
- non-recovery, this classification is reserved for those animals that undergo a procedure under terminal anaesthesia.
Most of our animal research falls within the sub-threshold and mild categories and this is achieved through stringent ethical review prior to any animal being used in our research.
Figure 1: Total number of regulated procedures, 2022–2023
Figure 2: Actual severity, 2022-2023
Table showing the severity of procedures
| Severity of procedures | 2023 | 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Non-recovery | 615, 1.64% | 268, 0.58% |
| Sub-threshold | 17,304, 46.17% | 21,052, 45.82% |
| Mild | 16,196, 43.2% | 21,579, 46.97% |
| Moderate | 3069, 8.19% | 2769, 6.03% |
| Severe | 304, 0.81% | 273, 0.59% |