Clark, Chris, Professor

Professor Chris Clark

School of Geography and Planning

Sorby Chair of Geoscience

C.Clark@sheffield.ac.uk
+44 114 222 7941

E6, Geography and Planning Building

Full contact details

Professor Chris Clark
School of Geography and Planning
E6
Geography and Planning Building
Winter Street
91ֱ��
S3 7ND

Profile

Chris Clark obtained his BSc in physical geography from University of Wales, Aberystwyth in 1985. After this he worked as a milkman in order to earn money for a climbing expedition to the Himalayas. He returned to academia at Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Edinburgh to work on a PhD on "Reconstruction of the behaviour of the Laurentide Ice Sheet using satellite imagery", which was completed in 1990, and the results published in Nature.

Chris became a lecturer at 91ֱ�� in 1990 and was awarded a personal chair in 2004, and holds the Sorby Chair of Geoscience since 2009. He currently lectures on Glacial Geomorphology and Glaciology, and on GIS.

Chris has supervised 19 PhD students, most (72%) of whom have continued in academia or industry research posts. He has acted as external examiner on PhDs in Britain, Sweden and France, as an associate editor for the Annals of Glaciology, and guest editor for Boreas. He has been external examiner for the Aberystwyth MSc in Glaciology, served on the Editorial Advisory Board of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms and as associate editor of the Journal of Maps.

Chris was a member of the Geography panel in the Research Excellence Framework (REF2014) and is a member for the current panel (REF2021) which aims to assess the quality of research in UK universities. He is a Fellow of Royal Geographical Society and a member of the International Glaciological Society, British Society of Geomorphology, Quaternary Research Association, and sometimes a member of the European Geophysical Union.

Research interests

My primary research interest is in glacial geomorphology, in particular the understanding of processes that lead to the formation of subglacial bedforms (drumlins, flutes etc), and the inverse solution that uses the pattern and distribution of such landforms to reconstruct the behaviour of ice sheets that existed during the last glaciation. I choose to use satellite imagery and elevation models for these purposes because they frequently permit new evidence to be detected and because they allow mapping at a scale compatible with the former ice sheet.

The ultimate aim of this work is to build up a detailed picture of the evolution of former ice sheets through the last glacial cycle and to use this information to improve both ice sheet and climate models.

BRITICE CHRONO

BRITICE-CHRONO is NERC consortium project that I led along with some 40+ researchers from eight universities, plus the British Geological Survey, British Antarctic Survey, NERC's radiocarbon facility and Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre. The focus was on dating the retreat of the former British-Irish Ice Sheet to learn how rapidly ice retreated across the continental shelf and across the marine-to-terrestrial transition and then to use this knowledge to improve numerical ice sheet models used to predict changes in our existing ice sheets. Our team collected samples for dating from the Shetland to the Scilly Isles and from the seafloor surrounding Ireland and Britain, totalling 914 sites and yielding over 600 new ages on ice retreat. The British-Irish Ice Sheet is now the world’s most well constrained retreating ice sheet and is being used to develop ice sheet modelling. .

PALGLAC European Research Council

I am leading PALGLAC which is a European Research Council Advanced Grant. By focussing on the most numerous and spatially-extensive records of palaeo ice sheet activity - glacial landforms - this project aims to revolutionise understanding of past and future ice sheets. Our team will vastly increase the available record for tuning or validating ice sheet models, develop new tools for gathering landform and geochronological information, and establish procedures for integrating these into ice sheet modelling experiments.

Highlights of my research are:

Mega-scale glacial lineations
Ice sheet reconstructions
Palaeo ice streams
The British-Irish Ice Sheet – BRITICE-CHRONO
Drumlins

Publications

Journal articles
Chapters
Conference proceedings papers
Software / Code
Datasets
Other
Preprints

Journal articles

Clifford N, Lawrence V, Venables S, Kong L, Clark C, McCarron L & Doerr S (2024) . The Geographical Journal, 190(3).
Vérité J, Livingstone SJ, Ravier E, McMartin I, Campbell J, Lewington ELM, Dewald N, Clark CD, Sole AJ & Storrar RD (2023) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
Kirkham JD, Hogan KA, Larter RD, Arnold NS, Ely JC, Clark CD, Self E, Games K, Huuse M, Stewart MA , Ottesen D et al (2022) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 107680-107680.
Clark CD, Ely JC, Hindmarsh RCA, Bradley S, Ignéczi A, Fabel D, Ó Cofaigh C, Chiverrell RC, Scourse J, Benetti S , Bradwell T et al (2022) . Boreas.
Stevens D, Ely JC, Livingstone SJ, Clark CD, Butcher FEG & Hewitt I (2022) . Journal of Glaciology.
Woodley SZ, Butcher FEG, Fawdon P, Clark CD, Ng FSL, Davis JM & Gallagher C (2022) . Icarus, 386.
Rowan AV, Egholm DL & Clark CD (2022) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
Vérité J, Ravier É, Bourgeois O, Bessin P, Livingstone SJ, Clark CD, Pochat S & Mourgues R (2022) . Geomorphology.
Szuman I, Kalita JZ, Ewertowski MW, Clark CD, Livingstone SJ & Kasprzak L (2021) . Earth System Science Data, 13, 4635-4651.
Clark CD, Chiverrell RC, Fabel D, Hindmarsh RCA, Ó Cofaigh C & Scourse JD (2021) . Journal of Quaternary Science, 36(5), 673-680.
Scourse JD, Chiverrell RC, Smedley RK, Small D, Burke MJ, Saher M, Van Landeghem KJJ, Duller GAT, Cofaigh CÓ, Bateman MD , Benetti S et al (2021) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Gandy N, Gregoire LJ, Ely JC, Cornford SL, Clark CD & Hodgson DM (2021) . Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126(4).
Evans DJA, Roberts DH, Bateman MD, Clark CD, Medialdea A, Callard L, Grimoldi E, Chiverrell RC, Ely J, Dove D , Cofaigh CÓ et al (2021) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Bradwell T, Fabel D, Clark CD, Chiverrell RC, Small D, Smedley RK, Saher MH, Moreton SG, Dove D, Callard SL , Duller GAT et al (2021) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Rootes CM & Clark CD (2020) . Earth-Science Reviews.
Sole A, Igneczi A, Smith MP & Clark C (2020) Investigations to constrain retreat of the Greenland Ice Sheet: glacial geomorphology and sampling for cosmogenic exposure dating of the Centrumsø area, Kronprins Christian Land, northeast Greenland. Cave and Karst Science, 47(2), 66-73.
Chiverrell RC, Thomas GSP, Burke M, Medialdea A, Smedley R, Bateman M, Clark C, Duller GAT, Fabel D, Jenkins G , Ou X et al (2020) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Livingstone SJ, Lewington ELM, Clark CD, Storrar RD, Sole AJ, McMartin I, Dewald N & Ng F (2020) . The Cryosphere, 14(6), 1989-2004.
Roberts DH, Ó Cofaigh C, Ballantyne CK, Burke M, Chiverrell RC, Evans DJA, Clark CD, Duller GAT, Ely J, Fabel D , Small D et al (2020) . Boreas.
Callard SL, Cofaigh CÓ, Benetti S, Chiverrell RC, Van Landeghem KJJ, Saher MH, Livingstone SJ, Clark CD, Small D, Fabel D & Moreton SG (2020) . Marine Geology, 420.
Tarlati S, Benetti S, Callard SL, Cofaigh CÓ, Dunlop P, Georgiopoulou A, Edwards R, Van Landeghem K, Saher M, Chiverrell R , Fabel D et al (2020) . Scottish Journal of Geology, 56(2), 117-133.
Clark C (2020) .
Bradwell T, Small D, Fabel D, Clark CD, Chiverrell RC, Saher MH, Dove D, Callard SL, Burke MJ, Moreton SG , Medialdea A et al (2019) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Gandy N, Gregoire L, Ely J, Cornford S, Clark C & Hodgson D (2019) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 223.
Ely J, Clark C, Hindmarsh R, Hughes A, Greenwood S, Bradley S, Gasson E, Gregoire L, Gandy N, Stokes C & Small D (2019) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Scourse J, Saher M, Van Landeghem KJJ, Lockhart E, Purcell C, Callard L, Roseby Z, Allinson B, Pieńkowski AJ, O'Cofaigh C , Praeg D et al (2019) . Marine Geology, 412, 53-68.
Lewington E, Livingstone S, Sole A, Clark C & Ng F (2019) . Geomorphology.
Roberts DH, Grimoldi E, Callard L, Evans DJA, Clark CD, Stewart HA, Dove D, Saher M, Ó Cofaigh C, Chiverrell RC , Bateman MD et al (2019) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 44(6), 1233-1258.
Bradwell T, Small D, Fabel D, Smedley RK, Clark CD, Saher MH, Callard SL, Chiverrell RC, Dove D, Moreton SG , Roberts DH et al (2019) . Science Advances, 5(4).
O Cofaigh C, Weilbach K, loyd JM, Benetti S, Callard SL, Purcell C, Chiverrell RC, Dunlop P, Livingstone SJ, Saher M , Van Landeghem KJJ et al (2019) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 208, 76-96.
Ely JC, Clark CD, Small D & Hindmarsh RCA (2019) . Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, 12(3), 933-953.
Wilson P, Ballantyne CK, Benetti S, Small D, Fabel D & Clark CD (2019) . Journal of Quaternary Science, 34(1), 16-28.
Callard L, Ó Cofaigh C, Benetti S, Chiverrell RC, Van Landeghem KJJ, Saher MH, Gales JA, Small D, Clark C, Livingstone SJ , Fabel D et al (2018) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 201, 280-302.
Gasson EGW, DeConto RM, Pollard D & Clark CD (2018) . Nature Communications, 9(1).
Evans DJA, Roberts DH, Bateman MD, Ely J, Medialdea A, Burke MJ, Chiverrell RC, Clark CD & Fabel D (2018) . Proceedings of the Geologists Association.
Gandy N, Gregoire LJ, Ely J, Clark C, Hodgson DM, Lee V, Bradwell T & Ivanovic RF (2018) . The Cryosphere, 12, 3635-3651.
Roberts DH, Evans DJA, Callard SL, Clark CD, Bateman MD, Medialdea A, Dove D, Cotterill CJ, Saher M, Cofaigh C , Chiverrell RC et al (2018) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 198, 181-207.
Lockhart EA, Scourse JD, Praeg D, Van Landeghem KJJ, Mellett C, Saher M, Callard L, Chiverrell RC, Benetti S, Cofaigh C & Clark CD (2018) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 198, 156-170.
Chandler BMP, Lovell H, Boston CM, Lukas S, Barr ID, Benediktsson ÍÖ, Benn DI, Clark CD, Darvill CM, Evans DJA , Ewertowski MW et al (2018) . Earth-Science Reviews, 185, 806-846.
Evans DJA, Roberts DH, Bateman MD, Medialdea A, Ely J, Moreton SG, Clark CD & Fabel D (2018) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Lelandais T, Ravier É, Pochat S, Bourgeois O, Clark C, Mourgues R & Strzerzynski P (2018) . Cryosphere, 12(8), 2759-2772.
Chiverrell R, Smedley R, Small D, Ballantyne C, Burke M, Callard L, Clark CD, Duller G, Evans D, Fabel D , van Landeghem K et al (2018) . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Margold M, Stokes CR & Clark CD (2018) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 189, 1-30.
Small D, Smedley RK, Chiverrell RC, Scourse JD, Cofaigh CÓ, Duller GAT, McCarron S, Burke MJ, Evans DJA, Fabel D , Gheorghiu DM et al (2018) . GSA Bulletin, 130(11-12), 1981-1999.
Clark CD, Ely J & Doole J (2018) Glacial landforms: a teaching resource in maps and GIS. Teaching Geography, 2018(Summer), 76-79.
Ely J, Clark CD, Spagnolo M, Hughes ALC & Stokes CR (2018) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 43(5), 1073-1087.
Clark CD, Ely J, Spagnolo M, Hahn U, Hughes ALC & Stokes CR (2018) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 43(2), 499-513.
Lovell H, Benn DI, Lukas S, Spagnolo M, Cook SJ, Swift DA, Clark CD, Yde JC & Watts T (2018) . Geomorphology, 300, 176-188.
Clark CD & Livingstone SJ (2017) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
Barr ID, Ely JC, Spagnolo M, Clark CD, Evans IS, Pellicer XM, Pellitero R & Rea BR (2017) . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 485, 466-475.
Smedley RK, Chiverrell RC, Ballantyne CK, Burke MJ, Clark CD, Duller GAT, Fabel D, McCarroll D, Scourse JD, Small D & Thomas GSP (2017) . Geology, 45(9), 787-790.
Arosio R, Crocket KC, Nowell GM, Louise Callard S, Howe JA, Benetti S, Fabel D, Moreton S & Clark CD (2017) . Marine Geology.
Clark CD, Ely J, Greenwood SL, Hughes ALC, Meehan R, Barr ID, Bateman MD, Bradwell T, Doole J, Evans DJA , Jordan CJ et al (2017) . Boreas.
Spagnolo M, Bartholomaus TC, Clark CD, Stokes CR, Atkinson N, Dowdeswell JA, Ely J, Graham AGC, Hogan KA, King EC , Larter RD et al (2017) . Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.
Small D, Benetti S, Dove D, Ballantyne CK, Fabel D, Clark CD, Gheorghiu DM, Newall J & Xu S (2017) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 167, 30-46.
Bateman MD, Evans DJA, Roberts DH, Medialdea A, Ely J & Clark CD (2017) . Boreas.
Ely J, Clark CD, Ng FSL & Spagnolo M (2017) . Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.
Evans DJA, Bateman MD, Roberts DH, Medialdea A, Hayes L, Duller GAT, Fabel D & Clark CD (2017) . Journal of Quaternary Science, 32(2), 295-310.
Williams CN, Cornford SL, Jordan TM, Dowdeswell JA, Siegert MJ, Clark CD, Swift DA, Sole A, Fenty I & Bamber JL (2017) . The Cryosphere, 11(1), 363-380.
Smedley RK, Scourse JD, Small D, Hiemstra JF, Duller GAT, Bateman MD, Burke MJ, Chiverrell RC, Clark CD, Davies SM , Fabel D et al (2017) . Journal of Quaternary Science, 32(1), 48-62.
Small D, Clark CD, Chiverrell RC, Smedley RK, Bateman MD, Duller GAT, Ely JC, Fabel D, Medialdea A & Moreton SG (2017) . Earth-Science Reviews, 164, 232-250.
Ely J, Gribble E & Clark CD (2016) . Journal of Maps.
Swift DA, Livingstone SJ & Clark CD (2016) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 148, 128-145.
Hillier JK, Kougioumtzoglou IA, Stokes CR, Smith MJ, Clark CD & Spagnolo MS (2016) . PLoS One, 11(7).
Livingstone SJ & Clark CD (2016) . Earth Surface Dynamics, 4, 567-589.
Livingstone SJ, Utting DJ, Ruffell A, clark CD, Pawley S, Atkinson N & Fowler AC (2016) . Nature Communications, 7.
Peters JL, Benetti S, Dunlop P, Ó Cofaigh C, Moreton SG, Wheeler AJ & Clark CD (2016) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 140, 101-124.
Sejrup HP, Clark CD & Hjelstuen BO (2016) . Geology, 44(5), 355-358.
Ely JC, Clark CD, Spagnolo M, Stokes CR, Greenwood SL, Hughes ALC, Dunlop P & Hess D (2016) . Geomorphology, 257, 108-119.
Spagnolo M, Phillips E, Piotrowski JA, Rea BR, Clark CD, Stokes CR, Carr SJ, Ely JC, Ribolini A, Wysota W & Szuman I (2016) . Nature Communications, 7.
Stokes CR, Margold M, Clark CD & Tarasov L (2016) . Nature, 530(7590), 322-326.
Clark CD & Spagnolo M (2016) . Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 46(1), 165-166.
Ely JC & Clark CD (2016) . Journal of Maps, 12(2), 249-259.
Livingstone SJ, Storrar RD, Hillier JK, Stokes CR, Clark CD & Tarasov L (2015) . Geomorphology, 246, 104-112.
Margold M, Stokes CR & Clark CD (2015) . Earth-Science Reviews, 143, 117-146.
Livingstone SJ, Piotrowski JA, Bateman MD, Ely JC & Clark CD (2015) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 112, 86-108.
Patton H, Swift DA, Clark CD, Livingstone SJ, Cook SJ & Hubbard A (2015) . Geomorphology, 232, 209-223.
Hillier JK, Smith MJ, Armugam R, Barr I, Boston CM, Clark CD, Ely J, Frankl A, Greenwood SL, Gosselin L , Hättestrand C et al (2015) . Journal of Maps, 11(5), 719-729.
Margold M, Stokes CR, Clark CD & Kleman J (2014) . Supramolecular Chemistry.
Spagnolo M, Clark CD, Ely JC, Stokes CR, Anderson JB, Andreassen K, Graham AGC & King EC (2014) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
Hughes ALC, Clark CD & Jordan CJ (2014) . QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS, 89, 148-168.
Spagnolo M, King EC, Ashmore DW, Rea BR, Ely JC & Clark CD (2014) . Journal of Glaciology, 60(224), 1126-1134.
Livingstone SJ, Clark CD, Woodward J & Kingslake J (2013) . Cryosphere, 7(6), 1721-1740.
Fowler AC, Spagnolo M, Clark CD, Stokes CR, Hughes ALC & Dunlop P (2013) . GEM - International Journal on Geomathematics, 4(2), 155-165.
Ó Cofaigh C, Stokes CR, Lian OB, Clark CD & Tulacyzk S (2013) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 77, 210-227.
Livingstone SJ, Clark CD & Tarasov L (2013) . Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 375, 13-33.
Chiverrell RC, Thrasher IM, Thomas GSP, Lang A, Scourse JD, van Landeghem KJJ, McCarroll D, Clark CD, Cofaigh CO, Evans DJA & Ballantyne CK (2013) . Journal of Quaternary Science, 28(2), 200-209.
Stokes CR, Fowler AC, Clark CD, Hindmarsh RCA & Spagnolo M (2013) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 62, 77-96.
Hillier JK, Smith MJ, Clark CD, Stokes CR & Spagnolo M (2013) . Geomorphology.
Stokes CR, ÓCofaigh C, Dunstone RB, Spagnolo M, Clark CD & Lian OB (2013) . Quaternary Science Reviews.
Clark CD (2012) . Quaternary International, 279-280, 90-90.
Clark CD (2012) . Quaternary International, 279-280, 90-90.
Clark CD (2012) . Quaternary International, 279-280, 90-90.
Livingstone SJ, Clark CD, Piotrowski JA, Tranter M, Bentley MJ, Hodson A, Swift DA & Woodward J (2012) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 53(C), 88-110.
Barr ID & Clark CD (2012) . JOURNAL OF MAPS, 8(4), 431-436.
Barr ID & Clark CD (2012) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 53(C), 72-87.
Bigg GR, Clark CD, Greenwood SL, Haflidason H, Hughes ALC, Levine RC, Nygård A & Sejrup HP (2012) . Global and Planetary Change, 98-99, 153-165.
Spagnolo M, Clark CD & Hughes ALC (2012) . Geomorphology.
Egholm DL, Knudsen MF, Clark CD & Lesemann JE (2011) . J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH, 116.
Spagnolo M, Clark CD, Hughes ALC & Dunlop P (2011) . EARTH SURF PROC LAND, 36(6), 790-804.
Stokes CR, Spagnolo M & Clark CD (2011) . Earth-Science Reviews, 109(1-2), 61.
Stokes CR, Spagnolo M & Clark CD (2011) . Earth-Science Reviews, 107(3-4), 398-422.
Stokes CR, Spagnolo M & Clark CD (2011) The composition and internal structure of drumlins: Complexity, commonality, and implications for a unifying theory of their formation. Earth-Science Reviews.
Gibbard PL & Clark CD (2011) . Developments in Quaternary Science, 15, 75-93.
Hughes ALC, Greenwood SL & Clark CD (2011) . J MAPS, 156-184.
Chapwanya M, Clark CD & Fowler AC (2011) . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36(8), 1105-1112.
Barr ID & Clark CD (2011) . Journal of Quaternary Science, 26(2), 227-237.
Jezek K, Wu X, Gogineni P, Rodríguez E, Freeman A, Rodriguez-Morales F & Clark CD (2011) . Geophysical Research Letters, 38(1).
Clark CD (2010) Emergent Drumlins and their Clones; From Till Dilatancy to Flow Instabilities, 56, 1011-1025.
Bigg GR, Levine RC, Clark CD, Greenwood SL, Haflidason H, Hughes ALC, Nygard A & Sejrup HP (2010) . J QUATERNARY SCI, 25(5), 689-699.
Cofaigh CO, Dowdeswell JA, King EC, Anderson JB, Clark CD, Evans DJA, Evans J, Hindmarsh RCA, Larter RD & Stokes CR (2010) . GEOMORPHOLOGY, 117(1-2), 195-198.
Clark CD (2010) Emergent drumlins and their clones: from till dilatancy to flow instabilities. J GLACIOL, 56(200), 1011-1025.
Ng FSL, Barr ID & Clark CD (2010) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(23-24), 3240-3255.
Clark CD, Hughes ALC, Greenwood SL, Jordan C & Sejrup HP (2010) Pattern and timing of retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews.
Winsborrow MCM, Clark CD & Stokes CR (2010) What controls the location of ice streams?. Earth-Science Reviews.
Hughes ALC, Clark CD & Jordan CJ (2010) . J MAPS, 543-563.
Spagnolo M, Clark CD, Hughes ALC, Dunlop P & Stokes CR (2010) The planar shape of drumlins. Sedimentary Geology.
Greenwood SL & Clark CD (2010) The sensitivity of subglacial bedform size and distribution to substrate lithological control. Sedimentary Geology.
Greenwood SL & Clark CD (2009) . QUATERNARY SCI REV, 28(27-28), 3085-3100.
Greenwood SL & Clark CD (2009) . QUATERNARY SCI REV, 28(27-28), 3101-3123.
Stokes CR, Clark CD & Storrar R (2009) . QUATERNARY SCI REV, 28(7-8), 721-738.
Clark CD, Hughes ALC, Greenwood SL, Spagnolo M & Ng FSL (2009) . QUATERNARY SCI REV, 28(7-8), 677-692.
Spagnolo M & Clark CD (2009) . J MAPS, 37-52.
Dunlop P, Clark CD & Hindmarsh RCA (2008) . J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH, 113(F3).
Christoffersen P, Tulaczyk S, Wattrus NJ, Peterson J, Quintana-Krupinski N, Clark CD & Sjunneskog C (2008) . GEOLOGY, 36(7), 563-566.
Stokes CR, Llan AB, Tulaczyk S & Clark CD (2008) . EARTH SURF PROC LAND, 33(4), 593-609.
Thacker NA, Clark AF, Barron JL, Ross Beveridge J, Courtney P, Crum WR, Ramesh V & Clark C (2008) . Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 109(3), 305-334.
Evans DJA, Clark CD & Rea BR (2008) . J QUATERNARY SCI, 23(3), 249-272.
Bigg GR, Clark CD & Hughes ALC (2008) . EARTH PLANET SC LETT, 265(3-4), 559-570.
Hodson A, Anesio AM, Ng F, Watson R, Quirk J, Irvine-Fynn T, Dye A, Clark C, McCloy P, Kohler J & Sattler B (2007) . Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 112(G4), n/a-n/a.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2007) , 135-136.
Hättestrand C & Clark CD (2007) , 199-201.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2007) , 208-209.
Smith MJ, Dunlop P & Clark CD (2007) , 384-387.
Clark CD, Greenwood SL & Evans DJA (2007) , 248-264.
Greenwood SL, Clark CD & Hughes ALC (2007) . J QUATERNARY SCI, 22(6), 637-645.
Nygard A, Sejrup HP, Haflidason H, Lekens WAH, Clark CD & Bigg GR (2007) . GEOLOGY, 35(5), 395-398.
Stokes CR, Clark CD, Lian OB & Tulaczyk S (2007) . EARTH-SCI REV, 81(3-4), 217-249.
Dunlop P & Clark CD (2006) . QUATERNARY SCI REV, 25(13-14), 1668-1691.
Stokes CR, Clark CD & Winsborrow MCM (2006) . J QUATERNARY SCI, 21(4), 399-412.
Dunlop P & Clark CD (2006) Distribution of Ribbed Moraine in the Lac Naococane Region, Central Quebec, Canada.. J MAPS, 59-70.
Clark CD & Glasser N (2006) Introduction to the Special Issue on Glacial Geology and Geomorphology. J MAPS, I-V.
Hattestrand C & Clark CD (2006) The glacial geomorphology of Kola Peninsula and adjacent areas in Murmansk Region, Russia.. J MAPS, 30-42.
Stokes CR, Clark CD, Lian OB & Tulaczyk S (2006) Geomorphological Map of Ribbed Moraines on the Dubawnt Lake Palaeo-Ice Stream Bed: A Signature of Ice Stream Shut-down?. J MAPS, 1-9.
Plouffe A, Wolfe SA, Clark C, Dredge L, Fisher D, Sharpe D, McMartin I, Richard PJH, Shaw J, Veillette J & Ward B (2005) . Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 59(2-3), 97-97.
Stokes CR, Clark CD, Darby DA & Hodgson DA (2005) . GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE, 49(3-4), 139-162.
Smith MJ & Clark CD (2005) . EARTH SURF PROC LAND, 30(7), 885-900.
Evans DJA, Clark CD & Mitchell WA (2005) . EARTH-SCI REV, 70(3-4), 253-312.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2004) . PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, 215(1-2), 155-171.
Clark CD, Evans DJA, Khatwa A, Bradwell T, Jordan CJ, Marsh SH, Mitchell WA & Bateman MD (2004) . BOREAS, 33(4), 359-375.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2004) . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 215(1-2), 155-171.
Mumby PJ, Hedley JD, Chisholm JRM, Clark CD, Ripley H & Jaubert J (2004) . CORAL REEFS, 23(2), 171-183.
Clark CD, Gibbard PL & Rose J (2004) , 2(PART 1), 47-82.
Winsborrow MCM, Clark CD & Stokes CR (2004) . Geographie Physique et Quaternaire, 58(2-3), 269-280.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2003) Laurentide ice streaming on the Canadian Shield: A conflict with the soft-bedded ice stream paradigm?. GEOLOGY, 31(4), 347-350.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2003) . International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(5), 905-910.
Clark CD, Tulaczyk SM, Stokes CR & Canals M (2003) A groove-ploughing theory for the production of mega-scale glacial lineations, and implications for ice-stream mechanics. J GLACIOL, 49(165), 240-256.
Clark CD, Evans DJA & Piotrowski JA (2003) . BOREAS, 32(1), 1-3.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2002) Are long subglacial bedforms indicative of fast ice flow?. BOREAS, 31(3), 239-249.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2002) . EARTH SURF PROC LAND, 27(5), 547-558.
Mumby PJ, Chisholm JRM, Clark CD, Hedley JD & Jaubert J (2001) Spectrographic imaging - A bird's-eye view of the health of coral reefs. NATURE, 413(6851), 36-36.
Clark CD & Meehan RT (2001) Subglacial bedform geomorphology of the Irish Ice Sheet reveals major configuration changes during growth and decay. J QUATERNARY SCI, 16(5), 483-496.
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2001) Palaeo-ice streams. QUATERNARY SCI REV, 20(13), 1437-1457.
Mumby PJ, Chisholm JRM, Edwards AJ, Clark CD, Roark EB, Andrefouet S & Jaubert J (2001) Unprecedented bleaching-induced mortality in Porites spp. at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia. MAR BIOL, 139(1), 183-189.
Mumby PJ, Chisholm JRM, Clark CD, Hedley JD & Jaubert J (2001) A bird's-eye view of the health of coral reefs. Nature, 413(6851), 36.
Clark CD, Knight JK & Gray JT (2000) Geomorphological reconstruction of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. QUATERNARY SCI REV, 19(13), 1343-1366.
Clark CD, Mumby PJ, Chisholm JRM, Jaubert J & Andrefouet S (2000) Spectral discrimination of coral mortality states following a severe bleaching event. INT J REMOTE SENS, 21(11), 2321-2327.
Mumby PJ, Green EP, Edwards AJ & Clark CD (1999) The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. J ENVIRON MANAGE, 55(3), 157-166.
Clark C (1999) . International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20(4), 711-726.
Clark CD, Garrod SM & Pearson MP (1998) Landscape archaeology and remote sensing in southern Madagascar. INT J REMOTE SENS, 19(8), 1461-1477.
Mumby PJ, Green EP, Clark CD & Edwards AJ (1998) Digital analysis of multispectral airborne imagery of coral reefs. CORAL REEFS, 17(1), 59-69.
Green EP, Clark CD, Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ & Ellis AC (1998) Remote sensing techniques for mangrove mapping. INT J REMOTE SENS, 19(5), 935-956.
Mumby PJ, Clark CD, Green EP & Edwards AJ (1998) Benefits of water column correction and contextual editing for mapping coral reefs. INT J REMOTE SENS, 19(1), 203-210.
Clark C & Clark AF (1998) . International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(12), 2317-2329.
Green EP, Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Clark CD & Ellis AC (1998) The assessment of mangrove areas using high resolution multispectral airborne imagery. Journal of Coastal Research, 14(2), 483-443.
Green EP, Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Clark CD & Ellis AC (1998) The assessment of mangrove areas using high resolution multispectral airborne imagery. J COASTAL RES, 14(2), 433-443.
Clark C & Clark AF (1997) Pattern recognition through optimization: Experiments with spectrometer data. IEE Colloquium (Digest)(18).
Mumby PJ, Green EP, Edwards AJ & Clark CD (1997) Coral reef habitat-mapping: how much detail can remote sensing provide?. MAR BIOL, 130(2), 193-202.
Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Green EP, Anderson CW, Ellis AC & Clark CD (1997) A visual assessment technique for estimating seagrass standing crop. AQUAT CONSERV, 7(3), 239-251.
Green EP, Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ, Clark CD & Ellis AC (1997) Estimating leaf area index of mangroves from satellite data. AQUAT BOT, 58(1), 11-19.
Clark CD, Ripley HT, Green EP, Edwards AJ & Mumby PJ (1997) Mapping and measurement of tropical coastal environments with hyperspectral and high spatial resolution data. INT J REMOTE SENS, 18(2), 237-242.
Turpin OC, Ferguson RI & Clark CD (1997) . Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 22(3-4), 279-283.
Clark CD (1997) Reconstructing the evolutionary dynamics of former ice sheets using multi-temporal evidence, remote sensing and GIS. QUATERNARY SCI REV, 16(9), 1067-1092.
Mumby PJ, Green EP, Edwards AJ & Clark CD (1997) Measurement of seagrass standing crop using satellite and digital airborne remote sensing. MAR ECOL-PROG SER, 159, 51-60.
Clark CD (1996) . Quaternary Science Reviews, 15(1), 96-97.
Green EP, Mumby PJ, Edwards AJ & Clark CD (1996) . Coastal Management, 24(1), 1-40.
CLARK C & CAÑAS A (1995) . International Journal of Remote Sensing, 16(12), 2255-2275.
CLARK CD & WILSON C (1994) SPATIAL-ANALYSIS OF LINEAMENTS. COMPUT GEOSCI, 20(7-8), 1237-1258.
CLARK CD (1994) LARGE-SCALE ICE-MOLDING - A DISCUSSION OF GENESIS AND GLACIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE. SEDIMENT GEOL, 91(1-4), 253-268.
CLARK CD (1993) SATELLITE REMOTE-SENSING OF MARINE POLLUTION. INT J REMOTE SENS, 14(16), 2985-3004.
CLARK CD (1993) SATELLITE REMOTE-SENSING FOR MARINE POLLUTION INVESTIGATIONS. MAR POLLUT BULL, 26(7), 357-368.
CLARK CD (1993) TERRAIN EVALUATION, 2ND EDITION - MITCHELL,CW. APPL GEOGR, 13(2), 189-189.
CLARK CD (1993) MEGA-SCALE GLACIAL LINEATIONS AND CROSS-CUTTING ICE-FLOW LANDFORMS. EARTH SURF PROCESSES, 18(1), 1-29.
Boulton GS & Clark CD (1990) . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 81(4), 327-347.
Clark CD (1990) . IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(4), 503-508.
Boulton GS & Clark CD (1990) . Nature, 346(6287), 813-817.
Clark CD & Boulton GS (1989) Geomorphic patterns produced by the last Canadian ice sheet: Matching the scales of remote sensing with the frequency of natural variation. Digest - International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 1, 97-100.
JOHNSTON AC, CRACKNELL AP, VAUGHAN RA, BOULTON GS & CLARK C (1989) . International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10(4-5), 917-929.
Clark C, Robertson YC & Barnett ME (1988) Artefacts in AIS-I imagery. Remote sensing. Proc. IGARSS '88 symposium, Edinburgh, 1988. Vol. 3, 1813-1814.
Ely JC, Clark CD, Bradley SL, Gregoire L, Gandy N, Gasson E, Veness RLJ & Archer R () . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Szuman I, Kalita JZ, Diemont CR, Livingstone SJ, Clark CD & Margold M () . The Cryosphere, 18(5), 2407-2428.
Leger TPM, Clark CD, Huynh C, Jones S, Ely JC, Bradley SL, Diemont C & Hughes ALC () . Climate of the Past, 20(3), 701-755.
Archer RE, Ely JC, Heaton TJ, Butcher FEG, Hughes ALC & Clark CD () . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
Lloyd CT, Clark CD & Swift DA () . Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 1-26.
Bradley SL, Ely JC, Clark CD, Edwards RJ & Shennan I () . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Butcher FEG, Arnold NS, Balme MR, Conway SJ, Clark CD, Gallagher C, Hagermann A, Lewis SR, Rutledge AM, Storrar RD & Woodley SZ () . Annals of Glaciology, 1-6.
Ely JC, Stevens D, Clark CD & Butcher FEG () . Earth Surface Processes and Landforms.
Rootes CM & Clark CD () . E&G Quaternary Science Journal, 71(1), 111-122.
Dewald N, Livingstone S & Clark C () Subglacial Meltwater Routes of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. Journal of Maps.
Patton H, Hubbard A, Bradwell T, Glasser NF, Hambrey MJ & Clark CD () . Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions, 1(1), 277-309.
Livingstone SJ, Clark CD & Woodward J () . The Cryosphere Discussions, 7(2), 1177-1213.
Patton H, Hubbard A, Bradwell T, Glasser NF, Hambrey MJ & Clark CD () . Earth Surface Dynamics, 1(1), 53-65.
O Cofaigh C, Callard SL, Roberts DH, Chiverrell RC, Ballantyne CK, Evans DJA, Saher M, Van Lendeghem KJJ, Smedley R, Bennetti S , Burke M et al () Timing and pace of ice-sheet withdrawal across the marine-terrestrial transition west of Ireland during the last glaciation. Journal of Quaternary Science.
Lewington E, Livingstone S, Clark C, Sole A & Storrar R () A model for interaction between conduits and surrounding hydraulically connected distributed drainage based on geomorphological evidence from Keewatin, Canada. The Cryosphere.
Chiverrell R, Thomas G, Burke M, Medialdea A, Smedley R, Bateman M, Clark C, Duller G, Fabel D, Jenkins G , Ou X et al () .
Lewington ELM, Livingstone SJ, Clark CD, Sole AJ & Storrar RD () .
Lewington E, Livingstone S, Clark C, Sole A & Storrar R () .
Livingstone SJ & Clark CD () .
Ely JC, Clark CD, Small D & Hindmarsh RCA () .
Gandy N, Gregoire LJ, Ely JC, Clark CD, Hodgson DM, Lee V, Bradwell T & Ivanovic RF () . The Cryosphere, 12(11), 3635-3651.
Gandy N, Gregoire LJ, Ely JC, Clark CD, Hodgson DM, Lee V, Bradwell T & Ivanovic RF () .
Wilton DJ, Bigg GR, Scourse JD, Ely JC & Clark CD () . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Vérité J, Ravier É, Bourgeois O, Pochat S, Lelandais T, Mourgues R, Clark CD, Bessin P, Peigné D & Atkinson N () .
Szuman I, Kalita JZ, Ewertowski MW, Clark C & Livingstone S () . Boreas.
Storrar R, Jones A, Butcher F, Dewald N, Clark C, Delaney C, Evans D, Lewington E, Livingstone S & Stokes C () .
Vérité J, Ravier É, Bourgeois O, Pochat S, Lelandais T, Clark CD, Bessin P, Mourgues R, Peigné D & Atkinson N () .
Benetti S, Chiverrell RC, Cofaigh CÓ, Burke M, Medialdea A, Small D, Ballantyne C, Bateman MD, Callard SL, Wilson P , Fabel D et al () . Journal of Quaternary Science.
Vérité J, Ravier É, Bourgeois O, Pochat S, Lelandais T, Mourgues R, Clark CD, Bessin P, Peigné D & Atkinson N () . The Cryosphere, 15(6), 2889-2916.
Dewald N, Lewington E, Livingstone S, Clark C & Storrar R () Distribution, Characteristics and Formation of Esker Enlargements. Geomorphology.

Chapters

Hughes PD, Clark CD, Gibbard PL, Glasser NF & Tomkins MD (2023) , European Glacial Landscapes (pp. 481-493). Elsevier
Hughes PD, Clark CD, Gibbard PL, Glasser NF & Tomkins MD (2023) , European Glacial Landscapes (pp. 319-327). Elsevier
Hughes PD, Clark CD, Gibbard PL, Glasser NF & Tomkins MD (2023) , European Glacial Landscapes (pp. 129-139). Elsevier
Hughes PD, Clark CD, Gibbard PL, Glasser NF & Tomkins MD (2022) , European Glacial Landscapes (pp. 75-85). Elsevier
Gibbard PL, Hughes PD, Clark CD, Glasser NF & Tomkins MD (2022) , European Glacial Landscapes (pp. 245-253). Elsevier
Hughes PD, Clark CD, Gibbard PL, Glasser NF & Tomkins MD (2022) , European Glacial Landscapes (pp. 407-416). Elsevier
Gibbard PL & Clark CD (2011) , Developments in Quaternary Sciences (pp. 75-93). Elsevier
Gooster L () Routledge

Conference proceedings papers

Woodley SZ, Butcher FEG, Clark CD, Ng F, Davis JM & Gallagher C (2021) Multiple Sites of Amazonian Wet-Based Glaciation Identified in West Tempe Terra, Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. online, 15 March 2021 - 19 March 2021.
Livingstone S, Lewington ELM, Clark CD, Storrar RD, Sole AJ, McMartin I, Dewald N, Ng F, Vérité J & Ravier E (2021) . Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
Evatt GW, Abrahams ID, Heil M, Mayer C, Kingslake J, Mitchell SL, Fowler AC & Clark CD (2015) . Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 61(229) (pp 825-836)
Barr ID & Clark CD (2009) . JOURNAL OF MAPS (pp 186-193)
Greenwood SL & Clark CD (2008) Subglacial bedforms of the Irish Ice Sheet. JOURNAL OF MAPS (pp 332-357)
Evatt GW, Fowler AC, Clark CD & Hulton NRJ (2006) . PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES, Vol. 364(1844) (pp 1769-1794)
Stokes CR & Clark CD (2003) . BOREAS, Vol. 32(1) (pp 263-279)
Tulaczyk SM, Scherer RP & Clark CD (2001) A ploughing model for the origin of weak tills beneath ice streams: a qualitative treatment. QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 86 (pp 59-70)
Clark CD & Stokes CR (2001) Extent and basal characteristics of the M'Clintock Channel Ice Stream. QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL, Vol. 86 (pp 81-101)
Caves RG, Turpin OC, Clark CD, Ferguson RI, Quegan S & Johansson B (2000) The use of Earth Observation for monitoring snowmelt runoff from non-alpine basins. REMOTE SENSING IN THE 21ST CENTURY: ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS (pp 183-190)
Clark CD (1999) Glaciodynamic context of subglacial bedform generation and preservation. ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, Vol. 28 (pp 23-32)
Stokes CR & Clark CD (1999) Geomorphological criteria for identifying Pleistocene ice streams. ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY, Vol. 28 (pp 67-74)
Caves R, Hodson A, Turpin O, Clark C, Ferguson R, Quegan S, ESA & ESA (1998) Field verification of SAR wet snow mapping in a non-Alpine environment. SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON RETRIEVAL OF BIO- & GEO-PHYSICAL PARAMETERS FROM SAR DATA FOR LAND APPLICATIONS, Vol. 441 (pp 519-526)
Clark C (1997) . 6th International Conference on Image Processing and its Applications
Clark C, Robertson YC & Barnett ME (1988) Artefacts in AIS-I imagery. Digest - International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Vol. 3 (pp 1813)

Software / Code

Lewington E, Livingstone S, Sole A, Ng F & Clark C .

Datasets

Livingstone S, Lewington E, Clark C, Storrar R, Sole A, Mcmartin I, Dewald N & Ng F .

Other

Dulfer H, Boyes B, Dewald N, Butcher F, Clark C, Ely J & Hughes A (2024) .
Boyes B, Dulfer H, Dewald N, Butcher F, Clark C, Ely J & Hughes A (2024) .
Margold M, Stoker BJ, Dulfer HE, Stokes CR, Brown VH, Clark CD, Ó Cofaigh C, Evans DJA, Froese D & Norris SL (2024) .
Clark C, Ely J, Hughes A, Archer R, Boyes B, Butcher F, Dewald N, Diemont C, Dulfer H & Bradley S (2024) .
Leger T, Ely J, Clark C, Bradley S, Archer R & Zhu J (2024) .
Archer R, Ely J, Heaton T, Butcher F, Hughes A & Clark C (2024) .
Stoker BJ, Dulfer HE, Stokes CR, Brown VH, Clark CD, Ó Cofaigh C, Evans DJA, Froese D, Norris SL & Margold M (2024) .
Szuman I, Kalita JZ, Diemont CR, Livingstone SJ, Clark CD & Margold M (2023) .
Archer R, Ely J, Heaton T & Clark C () .
Ely J, Stevens D, Clark C & Fowler A () .
Stevens D, Ely J, Livingstone S, Clark C, Butcher F & Hewitt I () .
Butcher FEG, Hughes ALC, Ely JC, Clark CD, Lewington ELM, Boyes BM, Scoffield AC, Howcutt S & Dowling TPF () .
Rowan AV, Egholm DL & Clark CD () .
Diemont CR, Clark CD, Livingstone SJ & Hughes ALC () .
Dulfer HE, Stoker BJ, Margold M, Stokes CR, Clark CD, Ó Cofaigh C & Evans DJA () .

Preprints

Stoker BJ, Dulfer HE, Stokes CR, Brown VH, Clark CD, Ó Cofaigh C, Evans DJA, Froese D, Norris SL & Margold M (2024) , Copernicus GmbH.
Leger TPM, Clark CD, Huynh C, Jones S, Ely JC, Bradley SL, Diemont C & Hughes ALC (2023) , Copernicus GmbH.
Szuman I, Kalita JZ, Diemont CR, Livingstone SJ, Clark CD & Margold M (2023) , Copernicus GmbH.

Teaching interests

Aligning with my main research interests and skills, my teaching is used to impart knowledge, technological expertise and curiosity about glacial environments. I am particularly interested in teaching about how we can use landforms from past glaciations to better understand how ice sheets and glaciers work, and from this, to inform us about the operation of the existing ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland and the mountain glaciers of the world.

I teach students how to use geographic information systems (GIS) and satellite images to analyse and advance knowledge, and in the second year I teach some of the basics of glaciology and glaciation. By the third year, once our students have become proficient at reading published academic papers on the latest advances, we get stuck in on some interesting topics about the production of glacial landforms and how we can use these to decipher the extent and dynamics of ice sheets, such as the one that once covered Britain.

My main teaching activity is via lectures but also includes practical classes, reading groups where we interrogate scientific publications, and some class debates and discussions. For me some of the most satisfying 'teaching' is in supervising the undergraduate research projects (dissertations) and especially so when we discover something new.

Additional research projects

Mega-scale glacial lineations

groovepatch (small)

Discovery of a new type of large-scale (10 –100 km) landform signature (mega-scale glacial lineations) in Canada, led me to predict that these were the specific record of high velocity ice flow (surges or ice streams). They have since been found elsewhere, and in the last few years, remarkable submarine finds have been made on the continental shelf surrounding Antarctica. These are significant in that their context in relation to fast flow features in the existing ice sheet validate my predictions. It is thus now well established that mega-scale glacial lineations are a reliable record of ice stream flow. Current research explores the formation of these landforms and their wide-reaching implications on the controls of ice stream flow.

Discovered and named the phenomena and argued they were an indicator of ice streams in:

Clark, C.D. (1993). Mega-scale glacial lineations and cross-cutting ice-flow landforms. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18(1), 1-29.

Stokes, C.R., Spagnolo, M., Clark, C.D., O’Cofaigh, C., Lian, O.B. and Dunstone, R.B. (2013). Formation of Mega-Scale Glacial Lineations on the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream Bed: 1. Size, Shape and Spacing from a Large Remote Sensing Dataset. Quaternary Science Reviews. 77, 190 – 209.
Ó Cofaigh, C., Dowdeswell, J.A., King, E.C., Anderson, J.B., Clark, C.D., Evans, D.J.A., Evans, J., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Larter, R.D., and Stokes, C.R. (2010). Comment on Shaw J., Pugin, A. and Young, R. (2008): "A meltwater origin for Antarctic shelf bedforms with special attention to megalineations". Geomorphology, 117(1-2), 195-198.
Clark, C.D., Tulaczyk, S. M., Stokes, C.R., and Canals, M. (2003). A groove-ploughing theory for the production of mega scale glacial lineations, and implications for ice-stream mechanics. Journal of Glaciology, 49(165), 240-256.
Tulaczyk, S.M., Scherer, R.P. and Clark, C.D. (2001). A ploughing model for the origin of weak tills beneath ice streams: a qualitative treatment. Quaternary International, 86(1), 59 –70.
Clark, C.D. (1994). Large scale ice-moulded landforms and their glaciological significance. Sedimentary Geology, 91(1-4), 253-268.
Clark, C.D. (1990). Remote sensing scales related to the frequency of natural variation; an example from palaeo-ice flow in Canada. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(4), 503-508.

Their characteristics and possible formation mechanism:

Hillier, J.K., Smith, M.J., Clark, C.D., Stokes, C.R., Spagnolo, M. (2013). Subglacial bedforms reveal an exponential size-frequency distribution. Geomorphology, 190, 82-91. Ó Cofaigh, C., Stokes, C.R., Lian, O.B., Clark, C.D. and Tulacyzk, S. (2013). Formation of mega-scale glacial lineations on the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream bed: 2. Sedimentology and stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews. 77, 210 – 227. 99.

Ice sheet reconstructions

Ice sheet (small) Ice sheet UK (small)

Discovery that the beds of former ice sheets (ie whole of Canada) contain a complex and palimpsest record of former ice flow that be used to reconstruct the flow geometry and centres of mass of the ice sheets and how they evolved through time. This overturned the existing paradigm that viewed landforms as simply recording a single timeslice of activity or just retreat patterns.

I have made reconstructions for the ice sheets that covered whole of Canada, for Quebec, and for Britain and Ireland, and in Arctic and Far Eastern Russia .

It is now widely known that the centres of mass (ice divides) may migrate considerable (~1000 km) distances during growth and decay.

Some methodology papers on how to use RS/GIS to help

Greenwood, S.L, Clark, C.D. and Hughes, A.L.C. (2007). Formalising an inversion methodology for reconstructing ice-sheet retreat patterns from meltwater channels: application to the British Ice Sheet. Journal of Quaternary Science, 22(6), 637-645.
Clark, C.D., Greenwood, S.L. and Evans, D.J.A. (2006). Palaeo-glaciology of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet: challenges and some recent developments. In: Knight, P.G. (ed.) Glacier Science and Environmental Change, Blackwell, Oxford. 248-264.

And then application of such methods for a variety of ice sheets

Bigg, G. R., Clark, C. D., Levine R. C., Greenwood, S. L., Haflidason, H., Hughes, A. L. C., Nygård, A. and Sejrup H. P. (2012). Sensitivity of the North Atlantic circulation to break-up of the marine sectors of the NW European ice sheets during the last Glacial: a synthesis of modelling and palaeoceanography. Global and Planetary Change. 98-99, 153-165. Chiverrell, R.C., Thrasher, I.M., Thomas, G.S.P., Lang, A., Scourse, J.D., Van Landeghem, K.J.J., McCarroll, D., Clark, C.D., Ó Cofaigh, C., Evans, D.J.A. and Ballantyne, C.K. (2013). Bayesian modelling the retreat of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. Journal of Quaternary Science, 28(2), 200-209. Livingstone, S.J., Clark, C.D. and Tarasov, L. (2013) Modelling North American palaeo-subglacial lakes and their meltwater drainage pathways. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 375, 13 – 33. Boulton, G.S. and Clark, C.D. (1990). A highly mobile Laurentide Ice Sheet revealed by satellite images of glacial lineations, Nature, 346, 813-817.
Boulton, G.S. and Clark, C.D. (1990). The Laurentide Ice Sheet through the last glacial cycle: the topology of drift lineations as a key to the dynamic behaviour of former ice sheets. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 81, 327-347. Mitchell, W.A., and Clark, C.D., (1994). The last ice sheet in Cumbria. In: Boardman, J. and Walden, J. (eds.), The Quaternary of Cumbria: Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, Oxford, England. 4-14. Clark, C.D., Knight, J.K. and Gray, J.T. (2000). Geomorphological reconstruction of the Labrador Sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19(13), 1343-1366.
Clark, C.D. and Meehan, R.I. (2001). Subglacial bedform geomorphphology of the Irish Ice Sheet reveals major configuration changes during growth and decay. Journal of Quatenary Science, 16(5), 483–496. Evans, D.J., Thomson, S.A. and Clark, C.D. (2001). The glacial history of East Yorkshire. In: Bateman, M.D. et al (eds), 2001. The Quaternary of East Yorkshire and North Lincolnshire. Field Guide, Quaternary Research Association, London. 1-12. Clark, C.D., Gibbard, P.L. and Rose, J. (2004). Pleistocene glacial limits in England, Scotland and Wales. In: Ehlers, J. and Gibbard, P.L. (eds.) Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology, Part I; Europe. Developments in Quaternary Science, Elsevier. 47 - 82. Clark, C.D., Sejrup, H.P., Bigg, G.R., Stoker, M., Lonergan, L., Raunholm, S. and Haflidison, H. (2004). Did the Punctuated demise of glacial ice in the North Sea affect the thermohaline circulation? Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 85(31), 293.
Clark, C.D., Evans, D.J.A., Khatwa, A., Bradwell, T., Jordan, C.J., Marsh, S.H., Mitchell, W.A. and. Bateman, M.D. (2004). Map and GIS database of landforms and features related to the last British Ice Sheet. Boreas, 33(4), 359-375.
(open access)

BRITICE web site Evans, D.J.A., Clark, C.D. and Mitchell, W.A. (2005). The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain. Earth Science Reviews, 70(3-4), 253-312.
(open access)
Hättestrand, C. and Clark, C.D. (2006). Reconstructing the pattern and style of deglaciation of Kola Peninsula, northeastern Fennoscandian Ice Sheet. In: Knight, P.G. (ed.) Glacier Science and Environmental Change, Blackwell, Oxford. 199-201. Hättestrand, C. and Clark, C.D. (2006). The glacial geomorphology of Kola Peninsula and adjacent areas in the Murmansk Region, Russia. Journal of Maps, v2006, 30-42. Stokes, C.R., Clark, C.D. and Winsborrow, M.C.M. (2006). Subglacial bedform evidence for a major palaeo-ice stream and its retreat phases in Amundsen Gulf, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Journal of Quaternary Science, 21(4), 399-412.
Bigg, G.R., Clark, C.D. and Hughes, A.L.C. (2008). A last glacial ice sheet on the Pacific Russian coast and catastrophic change arising from coupled ice–volcanic interaction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 265(3-4), 559-570.
Greenwood, S.L. and Clark, C.D. (2008). Subglacial bedforms of the Irish Ice Sheet. Journal of Maps, v2008, 332-357. Stokes, C.R., Clark, C.D. and Storrar, R. (2009). Major changes in ice stream dynamics during deglaciation of the north-western margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(7-8), 721-738.
Greenwood, S.L. and Clark, C.D. (2009). Reconstructing the last Irish Ice Sheet 1: changing flow geometries and ice flow dynamics deciphered from the glacial landform record. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(27-28), 3085-3100.
Greenwood, S.L. and Clark, C.D. (2009). Reconstructing the last Irish Ice Sheet 2: a geomorphologically-driven model of ice sheet growth, retreat and dynamics. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(27-28), 3101-3123.
Barr, I.D. and Clark, C.D. (2009). Distribution and pattern of moraines in Far NE Russia reveal former glacial extent. Journal of Maps, v2009, 186-193.
Bigg, G.R., Levine, R.C., Clark, C.D., Greenwood, S.L., Haflidason, H., Hughes, A.L.C., Nygård, A., and Sejrup, H.P. (2010). Last Glacial ice-rafted debris off south-western Europe: the role of the British-Irish Ice Sheet. Journal of Quaternary Science, 25(5), 689-699.
Hughes, A.L.C., Clark, C.D., and Jordan, C.J. (2010). Subglacial bedforms of the last British Ice Sheet. Journal of Maps, v2010, 543-563.
Clark, C.D., Hughes, A.L.C., Greenwood, S.L., Jordan, C.J. and Sejrup, H.P. (2012). Pattern and timing of retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, 44, 112-146.
Barr, I.D. and Clark, C.D. (2012). Late Quaternary glaciations in Far NE Russia; combining moraines, topography and chronology to assess regional and global glaciation synchrony. Quaternary Science Reviews, 53, 72–87.

Clark, C.D. (1997). Reconstructing the evolutionary dynamics of former ice sheets using multi-temporal evidence, remote sensing and GIS. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16(9), 1067-1092.

Palaeo ice streams

Ice stream (small) Ice stream structure (small)

Ice streams are fast flowing corridors embedded within slower flowing ice sheets. For Antarctica they are responsible for around 90% of ice mass lost from the system, even though they occupy only a small part of the perimeter (12 %). Their activity largely determines the stability and response of ice sheets to climate perturbations, and accordingly their functioning receives intensive research activity, and constitutes the greatest challenge to knowledge within glaciology.

I have contributed to this field, by making theoretical advances with regard to the geomorphological and geological imprint that ice streams should leave behind, and using EO to search for them in former ice sheets.

We are currently searching and investigating the tracks of ice streams that drained ice sheets during the last glaciation. Once found and investigated their geomorphological signature provides information on ice stream basal characteristics that can be used for parameterising or testing numerical models. We can make inferences about the basal controls on ice stream functioning, which are relevant to both contemporary and palaeo glaciology. The first International sympoisum on palaeo-ice streams was held in Denmark in 2001. A special issue of Boreas (32(1), edited by myself and collegues) reported some of the key papers.

Contributions to palaeo ice streams

Chiverrell, R.C., Thrasher, I.M., Thomas, G.S.P., Lang, A., Scourse, J.D., Van Landeghem, K.J.J., McCarroll, D., Clark, C.D., Ó Cofaigh, C., Evans, D.J.A. and Ballantyne, C.K. (2013). Bayesian modelling the retreat of the Irish Sea Ice Stream. Journal of Quaternary Science, 28(2), 200-209
Ó Cofaigh, C., Stokes, C.R., Lian, O.B., Clark, C.D. and Tulacyzk, S. (2013). Formation of mega-scale glacial lineations on the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream bed: 2. Sedimentology and stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews. 77, 210 – 227.
Stokes, C.R., Spagnolo, M., Clark, C.D., O’Cofaigh, C., Lian, O.B. and Dunstone, R.B. (2013). Formation of Mega-Scale Glacial Lineations on the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream Bed: 1. Size, Shape and Spacing from a Large Remote Sensing Dataset. Quaternary Science Reviews. 77, 190 – 209.
Bigg, G. R., Clark, C. D., Levine R. C., Greenwood, S. L., Haflidason, H., Hughes, A. L. C., Nygård, A. and Sejrup H. P. (2012). Sensitivity of the North Atlantic circulation to break-up of the marine sectors of the NW European ice sheets during the last Glacial: a synthesis of modelling and palaeoceanography. Global and Planetary Change. 98-99, 153-165.
Clark, C.D., Hughes, A.L.C., Greenwood, S.L., Jordan, C.J. and Sejrup, H.P. (2012). Pattern and timing of retreat of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, 44, 112-146.
Winsborrow, M.C.M., Clark, C.D. and Stokes, C.R. (2010). What controls the location of ice streams? Earth Science Reviews. 103(1-2), 45-49.
Bigg, G.R., Levine, R.C., Clark, C.D., Greenwood, S.L., Haflidason, H., Hughes, A.L.C., Nygård, A., and Sejrup, H.P. (2010). Last Glacial ice-rafted debris off south-western Europe: the role of the British-Irish Ice Sheet. Journal of Quaternary Science, 25(5), 689-699.
Ó Cofaigh, C., Dowdeswell, J.A., King, E.C., Anderson, J.B., Clark, C.D., Evans, D.J.A., Evans, J., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Larter, R.D., and Stokes, C.R. (2010). Comment on Shaw J., Pugin, A. and Young, R. (2008): "A meltwater origin for Antarctic shelf bedforms with special attention to megalineations". Geomorphology, 117(1-2), 195-198.
Greenwood, S.L. and Clark, C.D. (2009). Reconstructing the last Irish Ice Sheet 2: a geomorphologically-driven model of ice sheet growth, retreat and dynamics. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(27-28), 3101-3123.
Stokes, C.R., Clark, C.D. and Storrar, R. (2009). Major changes in ice stream dynamics during deglaciation of the north-western margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Quaternary Science Reviews, 28(7-8), 721-738.
Stokes, C.R., Lian, O.B., Tulaczyck, S. and Clark, C.D. (2008). Superimposition of ribbed moraines on a palaeo-ice-stream bed: implications for ice stream dynamics and shutdown. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33(4), 593-609.
Evans, D.J.A., Clark, C.D. and Rea, B.R. (2008). Landform and sediment imprints of fast glacier flow in the southwest Laurentide Ice Sheet. Journal of Quaternary Science, 23(3), 249-272.
Nygård, A., Sejrup, H.P., Haflidason, H., Lekens, W.A.H., Clark, C.D. and Bigg, G.R. (2007). Extreme sediment and ice delivery from marine Ice streams; new evidence from the northern North Sea. Geology, 35(5), 395-398.
Stokes, C.R., Clark, C.D., Lian, O.B., and Tulaczyk, S. (2007). Ice stream sticky spots: a review of their identification and influence beneath contemporary and palaeo-ice streams. Earth Science Reviews, 81(3-4), 217-249.
Stokes, C.R., Clark, C.D. and Winsborrow, M.C.M. (2006). Subglacial bedform evidence for a major palaeo-ice stream and its retreat phases in Amundsen Gulf, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Journal of Quaternary Science, 21(4), 399-412.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2006). Influence of ice streaming on the ocean-climate system: examining the impact of the M'Clintock Channel Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In: Knight, P.G. (ed.) Glacier Science and Environmental Change, Blackwell, Oxford. 135-136.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2006). What can the 'footprint' of a palaeo-ice stream tell us? Interpreting the bed of the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream, Northern Keewatin, Canada. In: Knight, P.G. (ed.) Glacier Science and Environmental Change, Blackwell, Oxford. 208–209.
Clark, C.D., Greenwood, S.L. and Evans, D.J.A. (2006). Palaeo-glaciology of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet: challenges and some recent developments. In: Knight, P.G. (ed.) Glacier Science and Environmental Change, Blackwell, Oxford. 248-264.
Stokes, C.R., Clark, C.D., Darby, D.A. and Hodgson, D.A. (2005). Late Pleistocene ice export events into the Arctic Ocean from the M'Clure Strait Ice Stream, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Global and Planetary Change, 49(3-4), 139-162.
Winsborrow, M.C.M., Clark, C.D. and Stokes, C.R. (2004). Ice streams of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire, 58(2-3), 269-280.
(open access)
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2004). Evolution of Late Glacial ice-marginal lakes on the north-western Canadian Shield and their influence on the location of the Dubawnt Lake Palaeo-Ice Stream. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 215(1-2), 155–171.
Clark, C.D., Tulaczyk, S. M., Stokes, C.R., and Canals, M. (2003). A groove-ploughing theory for the production of mega scale glacial lineations, and implications for ice-stream mechanics. Journal of Glaciology, 49(165), 240-256.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2003). The Dubawnt Lake Palaeo-Ice Stream: evidence for dynamic ice sheet behaviour on the Canadian Shield and insights regarding the controls on ice-stream location and vigour. Boreas, 32(1), 263-279.
Clark, C.D. Evans, D.J.A, and Piotrowski, J.A. (2003). Palaeo-ice streams: an introduction. Boreas, 32(1), 1-3.
(open access)
Clark, C.D. and Stokes, C.R. (2003). The palaeo-Ice Stream Landsystem. In: Evans, D.J.A. (ed.) Glacial Landsystems, Arnold, London. 204-227.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2003). Laurentide ice streaming on the Canadian Shield: a conflict with the soft-bedded ice stream paradigm? Geology, 31(4), 347-350.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2002). Are long bedforms indicative of fast ice flow? Boreas, 31(3), 239-249.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2002) Ice stream shear margin moraines. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27(5), 547-558.
Tulaczyk, S.M., Scherer, R.P. and Clark, C.D. (2001). A ploughing model for the origin of weak tills beneath ice streams: a qualitative treatment. Quaternary International, 86(1), 59 –70.
Clark, C.D. and Stokes, C.R. (2001). Extent and basal characteristics of the M'Clintock Channel Ice Stream. Quaternary International, 86(1), 81-101.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2001). Palaeo-ice streams. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20(13), 1437-1457.
Stokes, C.R., and Clark, C.D. (1999). Geomorphological criteria for identifying Pleistocene ice streams. Annals of Glaciology, 28(1), 67- 74.
Clark, C.D. (1993). Mega-scale glacial lineations and cross-cutting ice-flow landforms. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18(1), 1-29.

BRITICE

Map and GIS database of glacial landforms and features related to the last British Ice Sheet

Published map now available

See "Buying a printed map"

Most glaciated countries have for some time had some form of 'glacial map' recording landforms and evidence resulting from the activity of former ice sheets.
The Glacial Map of Canada is an exemplary example (Prest, V.K., Grant, D.R. and Rampton, V.N. 1968: Glacial map of Canada. Geological Survey of Canada. Map 1253A.)

For the first time we now have a compilation map for the last British Ice Sheet.

The methods of production, scope and caveats, and the printed 'Glacial Map' at a scale of 1:625 000 are reported in:

Clark, C.D., Evans, D.J.A., Khatwa, A., Bradwell, T., Jordan, C.J., Marsh, S.H., Mitchell, W.A. and Bateman, M.D. (2004). Map and GIS database of landforms and features related to the last British Ice Sheet. Boreas, 33(4), 359-375.
(open access)

Please note that it is important to consult this source as it fully describes the nature of the data, and caveats which are essential for appropriate interpretation of the features.

BRITICE map

The purpose of this web page is to support the above publication, and to permit academic users to have free access to the data used in compiling the 'Glacial Map'.

Example visualisations

BRITICE GIS

On-screen view of some of the GIS layers: trimlines (nunataks) in red, moraine ridges in brown and limit of glacigenic deposits in dashed black, overlaid on a DEM of topography for part of Wester Ross, Scotland. This illustrates how it is possible to interrogate any individual feature and receive information on the published source from where it derives and a brief explanatory comment.

BRITICE DEM

Oblique view of the York-Escrick moraines (in brown) from the GIS overlaid on a DEM rendition of topography.

BRITICE GIS2

Example of a small extract of the BRITICE GIS around the Solway Firth. Drumlins as black lines, meltwater channels in blue, moraines in brown, eskers in red, and erratic information in green.

What is included?

Emphasis is on information that constrains the last ice sheet. The following are included:

moraines eskers drumlins meltwater channels tunnel valleys trimlines limit of key glacigenic deposits glaciolacustrine deposits ice-dammed lakes erratic dispersal patterns shelf-edge fans and the Loch Lomond Readvance limit of the main ice cap.

PDF files of the map are available from this page - see "Downloads" top-right. Feel free to print this out yourself (although rather large) or print extracts of it.

Bibliography of all academic publications and BGS maps from which data were extracted is also available as a Microsoft Word document - see "Downloads" top-right.

An extensive review paper, organised thematically and regionally, describing the nature and range of evidence utilised to compile the map is published:

Evans, D.J.A., Clark, C.D. and Mitchell, W.A. (2005). The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain. Earth Science Reviews, 70, 253-312.
(open access)

Buying a printed map

If you want your own copy of the printed maps, these are available as North and South Sheets (each 116 x 80 cm in size) either folded or as flat maps. There is a charge for this to offset our initial printing costs and post & package. Send your request to Chris Clark stating whether you want north or south, or both sheets, and whether flat or folded versions. Cheques to be made payable to "University of 91ֱ��"; £10 per map or £16 for north and south sheets, inclusive of post & packing.

Chris Clark, Department of Geography, University of 91ֱ��, SHEFFIELD, S10 2TN, United Kingdom

GIS data download

All data are stored as shapefiles, as fully-attributed polygons or arcs. These can be easily loaded into ArcGIS®, Arc View® and Erdas Imagine® and are importable into other GIS or CAD software packages. For ease of download all files are provided in one zipped folder - see "Downloads" top-right.

Details about the data layers and file naming and geographic projection are stored in a accompanying 'readme.txt' file Consult the paper in Boreas for extra details.

To download all data layers and use an Arcview project file (*.apr) that allows a 'ready-made' and easy viewing of the database:
Download the zip file into a suitable folder name, say /britice. Unzip it in this folder such that all files remain in it. Start Arcview and 'open project' selecting the filename 'britice.apr'. The full database should appear with all categories labelled in the legend.

[Note that the data layer COAST is the property of Bartholomew's and cannot be used in publication or in commercial applications without their permission].

Important Links

The can provide further information, maps for purchase and digital data for elements within the GIS that came from their mapping programmes.
The BGS has web pages devoted to .

How was it compiled?

The compilation was produced by reviewing over 1,000 publications of the academic literature and British Geological Survey mapping. Relevant data were extracted from these and digitised and entered into a GIS. Note that the printed Glacial Map in Boreas is a generalisation (necessary for the reduced scale) of the data. For full-resolution data the GIS should be used.

Who has done the work?

Chris Clark (University of 91ֱ��) and Dave Evans (University of Glasgow) led the work assisted by Wishart Mitchell (University of Durham) and Mark Bateman (University of 91ֱ��). Important collaborators at the British Geological Survey (BGS) were Colm Jordan and Stuart Marsh, without whom the work would not have been possible. Anjana Khatwa and Tom Bradwell were employed to perform much of the data assessment and input. Neal Salomon and Lisa Collings are thanked for their work digitising some of the features, and Graham Allsopp is acknowledged for cartographic production of the map. Steve Wise is thanked for help regarding GIS implementation.

The BRITICE project was conceived and started in 1995, and rapidly grew in ambition from a simple A3 map to a fully-fledged GIS, bibliography and large map. Essential to the success of the project was the recognition of its value by Stuart Marsh and Colm Jordan and consequent timely support of funds from the BGS under their University Collaboration Scheme. The universities of 91ֱ�� and Glasgow are also acknowledged for their financial support, as is the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, who greatly assisted in funding the production of the map.

Hey, you have missed an important feature. What about future editions?

The census date was 2002, and so anything published after this time is not included. It is inevitable that some of the information may be incorrect and require rejecting or revising. Additionally, we have likely missed some important aspects. If material is not included it might be because the information was not presented in map form, the mapping was of insufficient quality (with regard to geographic referencing), it did not fit our target layers, it conflicted with other, perhaps better mapped data on the same feature, or we simply did not find the relevant publication.

Our intention is that the GIS will be periodically updated to include newly published information, and for revisions where found necessary. We therefore appeal for extra information, criticisms or suggested amendments. Please direct these to Chris Clark (c.clark@sheffield.ac.uk) who will ensure that they are considered for the next update of the GIS. Please send a copy of the relevant publication, highlighting the features for consideration. It should be noted that data is restricted to published information (but including PhD theses) which provides a crude quality-control and more importantly ensures that all data can be traced back to more detailed descriptions and observations.

When future updates are made (BRITICE 2nd edition), the results will be posted on this web page for downloading.

How can I get hold of the BRITICE data?

All data is available at no cost, providing that the BRITICE project is acknowledged and cited in any publications or presentations. Commercial use is not permitted.

Clark, C.D., Evans, D.J.A., Khatwa, A., Bradwell, T., Jordan, C.J., Marsh, S.H., Mitchell, W.A. and. Bateman, M.D. (2004). Map and GIS database of landforms and features related to the last British Ice Sheet. Boreas, 33(4), 359-375.
(open access)

The printed map is available in the Boreas publication listed above, at a scale of 1:625,000 (ca. 2m x 1 m in size). The paper also contains important details regarding the scope and accuracy of the data layers and caveats required to make appropriate interpretations.

The GIS contains over 20,000 features split into thematic layers (as above). Individual features are attributed such that they can be traced back to their published sources. Given that the published sources of information that underpin this work were derived by a piecemeal effort over 150 years then our main caveat is of data consistency and reliability.

Why have we done this?

It is hoped that this compilation will:

Stimulate greater scrutiny of published data Assist in palaeo-glaciological reconstructions of the ice sheet Facilitate use of field-evidence in numerical ice sheet modelling Help direct field-workers in their future investigations.

General contributions in Remote Sensing/Geographic Information Systems/Digital Elevation Models

Essentially other geospatial projects I have dabbled in (mostly in tropical coasts - coral reefs and mangroves), but also some archaeology, ecology, lineaments and other things), but I haven't relisted all my glacial ones here, see the other sections for these.

RS image (small) Chris on boat

Hodson, A.J., Anesio, A.M., Ng, F., Watson, R., Quirk, J., Irvine-Fynn, T., Dye, A., Clark, C.D., McCloy, P., Kohler, J. and Sattler, B. (2007). A glacier respires: quantifying the distribution and respiration CO₂ flux of cryoconite across an entire Arctic glacial ecosystem. Journal of Geophysical Research (Biogeosciences), 112, G04S36.
Smith, M.J., Dunlop, P. and Clark, C.D. (2006). An overview of subglacial bedforms in Ireland, mapped from digital elevation data. In: Knight, P.G. (ed.) Glacier Science and Environmental Change, Blackwell, Oxford. 384–387. Smith, M.J. and Clark, C.D. (2005). Methods for visualisation of high resolution digital elevation models for landform mapping. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30(7), 885-900.
Mumby, P.J., Hedley, J.D., Chisholm, J.R.M., Clark, C.D., Ripley, H. and Jaubert, J. (2004). The cover of living and dead corals from airborne remote sensing. Coral Reefs, 23(2), 171-183.
Stokes, C.R. and Clark, C.D. (2003). Giant glacial grooves detected on Landsat ETM+ satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24(5), 905-910.
Mumby, P.J., Chrisholm, J.R.M., Clark, C.D., Hedley, J.D. and Jaubert, J. (2001). Spectrographic imaging: a bird's-eye view of the health of coral reefs. Nature, 413, 36 (06 Sep 2001).
Mumby, P.J., Chisholm, J.R.M., Edwards, A.J., Clark, C.D., Rourk, E.B., Andrefouet, S., and Jaubert, J. (2001). Unprecedented bleaching-induced mortality in Porites spp. at Rangiroa Atoll, French Polynesia. Marine Biology, 139(1), 183-189.
Clark, C.D., Mumby, P.J., Chisholm, J.R.M., Jaubert, J., and Andrefouet, S. (2000). Spectral discrimination of coral mortality states following a severe bleaching event. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21(11), 2321-2327.
Clark, C.D. (2000). Future prospects of remote sensing for tropical coastal management. In: Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris, 287-291. Mumby, P.J., Green, E.P., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. (2000). Cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for coastal management. In: Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris, 271-285. Green, E.P., and Clark, C.D. (2000). Assessing mangrove leaf area index and canopy closure. In: Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris, 245-254. Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. (2000). Monitoring coastal water quality. In: Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris, 201-218. Green, E.P., Clark, C.D. and Edwards, A.J. (2000). Image classification and habitat mapping. In: Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris, 141-154. Mumby, P.J and Clark, C.D. (2000). Radiometric correction of satellite and airborne images. In: Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris, 109 –120. Green, E.P., Clark, C.D. and Edwards, A.J. (2000). Geometric correction of satellite and airborne imagery. In: Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris, 93 –108. Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. (ed.) and Clark, C.D. (2000). Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management, Coastal Management Sourcebooks 3, UNESCO, Paris. ISBN: 9789231037368.
Available online: Mumby, P.J., Green, E.P, Edwards, A.L and Clark, C.D. (1999). The cost-effectiveness of remote sensing for tropical coastal resources assessment and management. Journal of Environmental Management, 55(3), 157-166.
Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J., Clark, C.D. and Ellis, A.C. (1998). The assessment of mangrove areas using high resolution multispectral airborne imagery (CASI). Journal of Coastal Research, 14, 433-443. Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Clark, C.D., Edwards, A.J. and Ellis, A.C. (1998). Remote sensing techniques for mangrove mapping. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(5), 935-956.
Mumby, P.J., Clark, C.D., Green, E.P. and Edwards, A.J. (1998). Benefits of water column correction and contextual editing for mapping coral reefs. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(1), 203-210.
Mumby, P.J., Green, E.P., Clark, C.D. and Edwards, A.J. (1998). Digital analysis of multispectral airborne imagery of coral reefs. Coral Reefs, 17(1), 59-69.
Clark, C.D., Garrod, S.M. and Parker Pearson, M. (1998). Landscape archaeology, deforestation and remote sensing of southern Madagascar. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19(8), 1461-1477.
Turpin, O.C., Ferguson, R.I. and Clark, C.D. (1998). The transient snowline on glaciers: topographic controls and implications for melt predictions. In: Lane, S.N., Richards, K.S. and Chandler J.H. (eds.) Landform Monitoring, Modelling and Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. 363-383. Vencatasawmy, C.P., Clark, C.D. & Martin, R.J. (1998). Landform and lineament mapping using radar remote sensing. In: Lane, S.N., Richards, K.S. and Chandler J.H. (eds.) Landform Monitoring, Modelling and Analysis, John Wiley and Sons. 165-194. Mumby, P.J., Green, E.P., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. (1997). Coral reef habitat mapping: how much detail can remote sensing provide? Marine Biology, 130(2), 193-202.
Mumby, P.J., Green, E.P., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. (1997). Measurement of seagrass standing crop using satellite and digital airborne remote sensing. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 159, 51-61.
Turpin, O.C., Ferguson, R.I., and Clark, C.D. (1997). Remote sensing of snowline rise as an aid to testing and calibrating a glacier runoff model. Physics and Chemistry of The Earth, 22(3-4), 279-283.
Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J., Green, E.P., Anderson, C.W., Ellis, A.C. and Clark, C.D. (1997). A visual assessment technique for estimating seagrass standing crop. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 7(3), 239-251.
Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J., Clark, C.D. and Ellis, A.C. (1997). Estimating leaf area index of mangroves from satellite data. Aquatic Botany, 58(1), 11-19.
Clark, C.D. (1997). Reconstructing the evolutionary dynamics of former ice sheets using multi-temporal evidence, remote sensing and GIS. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16(9), 1067-1092.
Clark, C.D., Ripley, H.T., Green, E.P., Edwards, A.J. and Mumby, P.J. (1997). Mapping and measurement of tropical coastal environments with hyperspectral and high spatial resolution data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18(2), 237-242.
Green, E.P., Mumby, P.J., Edwards, A.J. and Clark, C.D. (1996). A review of remote sensing for the assessment and management of tropical coastal resources. Coastal Management, 24(1), 1-40.
Clark, C.D. and Wilson, C. (1994). Spatial analysis of lineaments. Computers & Geoscience, 20(7-8), 1237-1258.
Clark, C.D. (1993). Satellite remote sensing of marine pollution. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14(16), 2985-3004.
Clark, C.D. (1993). Satellite remote sensing for marine pollution investigations. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 26(7), 357-368.
Clark, C.D. (1990). Remote sensing scales related to the frequency of natural variation; an example from palaeo-ice flow in Canada. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 28(4), 503-508.