Professor Charles H Wellman
School of Biosciences
Professor of Palaeobiology
+44 114 222 3689
Full contact details
School of Biosciences
Alfred Denny Building
Western Bank
91Ö±²¥
S10 2TN
- Profile
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- BSc (1987) University of Southampton, UK
- PhD (1991) Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Postdoctoral Research Assistant, The Natural History Museum, London (1991-1992)
- Postdoctoral Research Assistant, Cardiff University, Wales, UK (1994-1997)
- Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, Reader and Professor, School of Biosciences, University of 91Ö±²¥ (1997-present)
- Research interests
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My research addresses the origin and early evolution of land plants. My research integrates evidence from both fossil and living plants. Fossil evidence is in the form of early land plant megafossils and dispersed microfossils (spores and fragments). I am currently working on material from the Ordovician-Devonian of China, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Spain and Spitsbergen. I study living plants in order to interpret the earliest land plant fossils through, specifically:
- cladistic analyses of evolutionary relationships
- molecular clock analyses of evolutionary divergence times
- analysis of physiological adaptations required for plants to invade the land (particularly Evo-Devo studies on the molecular genetics of spore/pollen wall development).
I am also exploring the impact of the invasion of the land by plants on global change. This has led to research into developing a novel (and currently only) proxy for past UV-B radiation.
In recent years I have also extended my research back in time to examine a previously neglected research area considering the ‘algal scum’ that inhabited the land before it was invaded by plants. This has lead to work on microbial remains from the billion year old deposits of the Torridonian and Nonesuch Shale.
- Publications
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Show: Featured publications All publications
Featured publications
Journal articles
- . Current Biology, 30(9), R388-R389.
- . Current Biology, 30(3), 421-431.e2.
- . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(10), E2274-E2283.
- . Current Biology, 28(5), 733-745.e2.
- . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1739).
- . Palaeontology, 59(1), 89-108.
- . Palaeontology, 58(5), 787-801.
- . Palaeontology, 58(4), 601-627.
- . New Phytologist, 205(1), 390-401.
- . New Phytol, 202(1), 1-3.
- Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes. Nature.
- . New Phytol, 188(2), 306-309.
- . AM J BOT, 96(10), 1849-1860.
- . SCIENCE, 324(5925), 353-353.
- . NAT GEOSCI, 1(9), 592-596.
- . Nature, 425(6955), 282-285.
All publications
Journal articles
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 332, 105222-105222.
- . Marine and Petroleum Geology, 169, 107049-107049.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 322, 105043-105043.
- . The Journal of Arachnology, 51(3).
- . NATURE PLANTS.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 310.
- . Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 532(1).
- . Paleontological Journal, 56(9), 1032-1054.
- . International Journal of Plant Sciences, 000-000.
- . Nature Plants, 8(1), 104-109.
- . Current Biology.
- . Journal of the Geological Society, 178(5).
- . Journal of the Geological Society, 178(2).
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 104399-104399.
- . Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 511.
- . Palynology, 44(3), 461-471.
- . Current Biology, 30(9), R388-R389.
- . Palynology, 44(2), 195-204.
- . Journal of the Geological Society, 177(2), 315-324.
- . Current Biology, 30(3), 421-431.e2.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 276, 104184-104184.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
- . Palynology.
- . PalZ.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 263, 28-46.
- . Palynology, 43(2), 184-187.
- . Current Biology, 29(3), r93-r95.
- . Papers in Palaeontology.
- . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(41), E9512-E9513.
- . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(10), E2274-E2283.
- . Current Biology, 28(5), 733-745.e2.
- . Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 98(1), 139-151.
- . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373(1739).
- . International Journal of Plant Sciences, 179(2), 100-114.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 249, 24-49.
- . Palynology.
- . Palynology, 41(sup1), 31-56.
- . Journal of the Geological Society, 174(5), 947-950.
- . Revue de Micropaléontologie, 60(3), 289-318.
- . Revue de Micropaléontologie, 60(3), 279-280.
- . Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
- . Revue de Micropaléontologie.
- . Revue de Micropaléontologie, 60(3), 319-331.
- . Revue de Micropaléontologie.
- . Palaeontology, 59(1), 89-108.
- . Palaeontology, 59(2), 305-328.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 224, 4-13.
- . Paleobiology, 41(4), 640-660.
- . Palaeontology, 58(5), 787-801.
- . Palaeontology, 58(4), 601-627.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 216, 33-43.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 212, 111-126.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 212, 1-2.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 212, 60-84.
- . New Phytologist, 205(1), 390-401.
- . Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 105(3), 227-238.
- . REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY, 206, 10-22.
- . New Phytol, 202(1), 1-3.
- . Journal of Phycology.
- . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT SCIENCES, 174(9), 1302-1313.
- . Journal of the Geological Society, 170(4), 703-706.
- . International Journal of Plant Sciences, 174(6), 947-957.
- . International Journal of Plant Sciences, 174(3), 293-308.
- . Geological Society Memoir, 38(1), 461-476.
- . JOURNAL OF MICROPALAEONTOLOGY, 32, 87-106.
- ACETOLYSIS AS A SCREEN FOR DEGRADATION-RESISTANT MODERN ALGAL STRUCTURES FOR PALEONTOLOGICAL COMPARISONS. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY, 48, S33-S34.
- . PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 367(1588), 519-536.
- . Palaeoworld, 21(1), 11-19.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 179, 17-43.
- . Palaeontology, 55(3), 583-611.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 173, 23-45.
- . J GEOL SOC LONDON, 168(4), 863-872.
- . AoB Plants, 2011, plr027.
- . POLAR RESEARCH, 30.
- Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes. Nature.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 166(3-4), 268-285.
- . New Phytol, 188(2), 306-309.
- . EARTH ENV SCI T R SO, 100, 391-397.
- . Geological Society Special Publication, 339, 49-58.
- Wall ultrastructure in three species of the dispersed spore Emphanisporites from the Early Devonian. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
- . AM J BOT, 96(10), 1849-1860.
- . REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, 156(1-2), 51-61.
- . REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, 156(1-2), 1-1.
- . REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, 156(1-2), 2-6.
- . SCIENCE, 324(5925), 353-353.
- . PALAIOS, 24(3-4), 167-180.
- . PALAEONTOLOGY, 52, 139-167.
- When scum ruled the Earth. Planet Earth(WINTER), 12-13.
- . NAT GEOSCI, 1(9), 592-596.
- . PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL, 250(1-4), 237-254.
- . Photochem Photobiol Sci, 6(6), 689-694.
- . REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, 144(3-4), 231-248.
- . Revue de Micropaleontologie, 50(1), 27-57.
- . REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, 142(3-4), 229-250.
- Spore assemblages from the Lower Devonian 'Lower Old Red Sandstone' deposits of the Rhynie outlier, Scotland. T ROY SOC EDIN-EARTH, 97, 167-211.
- The origin and early evolution of land plants: Palynological evidence. PALYNOLOGY, 30, 230-231.
- . Geological Society Special Publication, 241, 259-279.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 130(1-4), 1-15.
- . Proc Biol Sci, 271(1542), 985-992.
- . Nature, 425(6955), 282-285.
- Morphology and wall ultrastructure in Devonian spores with bifurcate-tipped processes. INT J PLANT SCI, 163(3), 451-474.
- Lower Devonian spore assemblages from the Arbuthnott Group at Canterland Den in the Midland Valley of Scotland. REV PALAEOBOT PALYNO, 118(1-4), 157-180.
- Cryptospores and trilete spores from the Llandovery, Nuayyim-2 borehole, Saudi Arabia. GeoArabia Special Publication, 1, 92-115.
- Spore assemblages from a Silurian sequence in borehole Hawiyah-151 from saudi Arabia. GeoArabia Special Publication, 1, 116-133.
- . Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 355(1398), 717-731.
- . Rev Palaeobot Palynol, 109(3-4), 161-196.
- . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 130(2), 111-156.
- Tetrads in sporangia and spore masses from the upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. BOT J LINN SOC, 130(2), 111-156.
- Sporangia containing Scylaspora from the lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. PALAEONTOLOGY, 42, 67-81.
- Palynology, biostratigraphy, and depositional environments around the Ludlow-Pridoli boundary at Woodbury Quarry, Herefordshire, England. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 38(2-3), 397-404.
- Ordovician land plants: Evidence and interpretation. Acta Universitatis Carolinae, Geologica, 43(1-2), 275-277.
- Ultrastructure of laevigate hilate spores in sporangia and spore masses from the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian of the Welsh Borderland. PHILOS T ROY SOC B, 353(1378), 1983-2004.
- The Cosheston Group (Lower Old Red Sandstone) in southwest Wales: age, correlation and palaeobotanical significance. GEOL MAG, 135(3), 397-412.
- . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 127(2), 117-147.
- Curation of exceptionally preserved early land plant microfossils: problems and solutions. Curator, 39(3), 209-216.
- Ultrastructure of Synorisporites downtonensis and Retusotriletes cf. coronadus in spore masses from the PÅ™Ãdoli of the Welsh Borderland. Palaeontology, 39(3), 783-800.
- Cryptospores from the type area of the Caradoc Series in southern Britain. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 55, 103-136.
- Sporomorph assemblages from the 'lower old red sandstone' of Lorne, Scotland. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 55, 41-101.
- . Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 84(3-4), 255-279.
- . Geological Magazine, 131(4), 563-566.
- . Journal of Micropalaeontology, 12(1), 47-66.
- Terrestrial plant microfossils from Silurian inliers of the Midland Valley of Scotland. Palaeontology, 36(1), 155-193.
- . Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 84(2), 117-136.
- . Fossil Imprint, 80(1), 9-18.
- . Journal of the Geological Society.
- . Geological Society of America Bulletin.
- . Palynology.
Chapters
- , Geological Society Special Publication (pp. 309-320).
- , Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration (pp. 9-28). Springer Netherlands
- Miospores and the emergence of land plants In Webby BD, Paris F, Droser ML & Percival IG (Ed.), The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (pp. 361-366).
- , The Evolution of Plant Physiology (pp. 43-63). Elsevier
- , The Evolution of Plant Physiology (pp. 43-63).
- Embryophytes on land: The Ordovician to Lochkovian (Lower Devonian) record In Gensel PG & Edwards D (Ed.), Plants invade the land: Evolutionary and environmental perspectives (pp. 3-28).
- Extracting plant mesofossils and megafossils by bulk acid maceration In Jones TP & Rowe NP (Ed.), Fossil plants and spores: modern techniques (pp. 11-14). Geological Society, London
- The fossil record of early land plants and interrelationships between primitive embryophytes: too little and too late? In Bates JW, Ashton NW & Duckett JG (Ed.), Bryology for the Twenty-first Century (pp. 15-43). British Bryological Society
- Older plant macerals (excluding spores) In Jansonius J & McGregor DC (Ed.), Palynology: principals and applications (pp. 383-387). AASP Foundation
- (pp. 1-11). Wiley
Conference proceedings papers
- . X-Ray Nanoimaging: Instruments and Methods II
- . REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY, Vol. 130(1-4) (pp 269-295)
- Spores of the Rhynie chert plant Horneophyton lignieri (Kidston & Lang) Barghoorn & Darrah, 1938. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH-EARTH SCIENCES, Vol. 94 (pp 429-443)
- Dating the origin of land plants. TELLING THE EVOLUTIONARY TIME: MOLECULAR CLOCKS AND THE FOSSIL RECORD(66) (pp 119-141)
- Morphology and ultrastructure of Devonian spores: Samarisporites (Cristatisporites) orcadensis (Richardson) Richardson, 1965. REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY, Vol. 116(1-2) (pp 87-107)
- Research group
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Current research students
Alexander Ball (2018-)
Silurian-Devonian early land plant spores and megafossils from the Anglo-Welsh Basin. Funded by a NERC ACCE award that is a CASE Studentship with the Natural History Museum, London.
Martha Gibson (2016-)
Palynology of the Permian Zechstein deposits of the UK (in association with Sirius Minerals). Funded by a NERC ACCE award.
Past students
Dr Alexander Askew (Ph.D. 2018)
Palynology of the Middle Devonian of Spain. Funded by a NERC ACCE award.
Dr David Carpenter (Ph.D. 2017)
Charcoal, forests and Earth’s Palaeozoic geochemical oxygen-cycle. Funded by NERC.
Dr Stephanie Wood (Ph.D. 2016)
Jurassic-Cretaceous palynology of the Gulf of Mexico. Funded by a NERC Open CASE award with Shell. Currently working for the British Geological Survey as a Palynology Lab Manager.
Dr Sam Slater (Ph.D. 2015)
Spore assemblages from the Yorkshire Jurassic. Funded by a NERC CASE Award with Shell Oil. Currently working as a postdoc in Sweden.
Dr Simon Wallace (Ph.D. 2013)
Evo-Devo studies of spore wall development in the extant moss Physcomitrella. Funded by a NERC award. Currently working as a postdoc in the USA.
Dr Faisal Abuhmida (PhD 2013)
Ordovician-Silurian palynology of Libya. Funded by the Libyan Petroleum Institute.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for the Lybian Petroleum Institute.
Dr Janine Pendleton (PhD 2012)
Carboniferous plants and spores from the Bristol Coalfield. Funded by a NERC CASE Award with National Museum Wales, Cardiff.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for PetroStrat, UK.
Dr Brian Pedder (PhD 2012)
Cambrian acritarchs from North America. Funded by a NERC Open CASE Award with the Natural History Museum, London.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for Robertson, UK.
Dr Doreen Mkuu (MPhil 2012)
Tertiary palynology of Tanzania. Funded by the Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corporation.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for the Tanzanian Petroleum Development Corporation.
Dr Mutusam Al-Ghammari (Ph.D. 2010)
Ordovician-Silurian acritarchs, chitinozoans and spore assemblages from Oman. Funded by Petroleum Development Oman. Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for PDO in Oman.
Dr Khaled Gaddah (PhD 2009)
Cretaceous palynology of the Nubian Sandstone of Libya. Funded by the Libyan Education Ministry.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for Waha Oil, Lybia.
Dr Issam Al-Barram (PhD 2009)
Carboniferous-Permian spore assemlages from Oman. Funded by Petroleum Development Oman.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for PDO in Oman.
Dr Wesley Fraser (PhD 2008)
Development of a novel proxy for measuring past UV-B radiation.
Currently working as a Lecturer in Physical Geography at Oxford Brookes University.
Mr Abdullah Al-Ghazi (MPhil 2005)
Devonian spore assemblages of Saudi Arabia. Funded by Saudi Aramco.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist for Saudi Aramco in Saudi Arabia.
Dr Waleed Abusham (PhD 2001)
Carboniferous spore assemblages from Scotland. Self Funded.
Currently working as a Stratigrapher/Palynologist in Sudan.
Dr Craig Harvey (PhD 2001)
Devonian spore assemblages from Venezuela. Funded by a Hussain Farmy University of 91Ö±²¥ Scholarship.
Currently working as a Principal Exploration Geologist for Qatar Shell Upstream International.
- Teaching activities
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I teach across all levels within APS.
I am APS Level 3 tutor. In 2008 I received the Departmental Teacher of Year award.
At Level 1 I am module coordinator for APS121 (Evolution) and APS122 (Biodiversity).
At Level 2 I am module coordinator for APS269 (Palaeobiology). This module aims to instil within biology undergraduates a basic understanding of palaeontological principles—why understanding past life enhances our understanding of the living world.
At Level 3 I am module coordinator for APS341 (Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems). This module explores my personal research specialism and provides an up to date and in depth exploration of how terrestrial ecosystems have evolved through time and the nature of the scientific enquiry that enables us to understand this.
My Level 3 Projects (APS345) generally involve a palaeobiological investigation of fossils (usually plant fossils) that are collected and prepared by the students. These studies may concern analysis of evolutionary trends, palaeoecological investigation or palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. My Level 3 Dissertations (APS331) cover any topical area of palaeobiology (human evolution, dinosaur palaeobiology, mass extinctions etc.).
Level 4 Projects (APS406) cover aspects of palaeobiology that are currently interesting me. They have included investigation of sexual dimorphism in stegosaur dinosaurs, reconstruction of Cretaceous palaeogeography, analysis of Silurian lake palaeoecology, assessing the impact of the end Devonian mass extinction on various organisms etc.
- Professional activities and memberships
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Editorial boards
- Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (2006-present)
- Palaontologische Zeitscrift (2005-present)
- Palynos (2004-2008)
- Palaeontology (2000-2006 & 2012-2016)
Societal roles
- Commission Internationale de Microflora du Paleozoic (Secretary-Treasurer of the CIMP/Saudi Aramco joint project)
- International Federation of Palynological Societies (Past President 2016-present; President 2012-2016; Secretary-Treasurer 2008-2012; Newsletter Editor 2004-2008; Councillor 2000-2004)
- Palaeontological Association (President 2018-present)
Research council activities
- NERC Peer Review College (2007-2011)
Recent invited lectures
- European Palaeobotany & Palynology Conference (Dublin, Ireland 2018)
- XXV Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia (Ribeirao Preto, Brazil 2017)
- Royal Society Discussion Meeting: Rhynie Chert (London, UK 2017)
- International Palynological Congress/International Organization of Palaeobotany Conference (Salvador, Brazil 2016)
- International Palaeontological Congress (Mendoza, Argentina 2014)
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